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ICTCM Year 2 > Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Week 7 > Flashcards

Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are phospholipids

A

major component of cell membrane

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2
Q

what is amphipathic

A

phosphlipid bilayer
hydrophobic tail
hydrophiliic head

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3
Q

the cell membrane is called a

A

fluid mosaic

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4
Q

what are the components of the cell membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer
integral proteins/glycoproteins
peripheral proteins
cholesterol

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5
Q

what is the lipid bilayer consist of

A

phosophlipids
cholesterol
glycolipids

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6
Q

what is glycocalyx

A

outer sugary coat

glycoporteins and glycolipids

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7
Q

what kinds of proteins are in the lipid bilayer

A

peripheral

integral or transmembrane

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8
Q

what does the hydrophobic core do

A

allows small, non polar, uncharged molecules to pass through the membrane easily

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9
Q

examples of what passes through the membrane easily

A

O2 and Co2

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10
Q

What are transmembrane proteins

A

large molecules, ions, and hydrophilic molecules

very selective

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11
Q

large sized, hydrophilic, ionic molecules need transport via

A

integral proteins

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12
Q

____ soluble molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane

A

lipid soluble

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13
Q

large molecules that cannot diffuse through lipids cannot cross the plasma membrane unless they are transported by a

A

carrier mechanism

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14
Q

diffusion

A

movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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15
Q

the rate at which molecules diffuse across the membrane depends on

A

solubility and size

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16
Q

hydrophobic molecule diffusion

A

diffuse across the membrane easily

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17
Q

small molecules diffuse across more ____ than large molecules

A

quickly

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18
Q

Simple diffusion

A

random process: molecules move around on their own until they are spread out
movement of solute

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19
Q

is simple diffusion active or passive

A

passive

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20
Q

rate of simple diffusion dependent on

A

concentration gradient

electrical gradient

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21
Q

simple diffusion occurs for what kind of molecules

A

O2, CO2, steroids

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22
Q

osmosis

A

water will move from its own high to its own low concentration
or from the side with low solute concentration to the side with high solute concetration

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23
Q

what has the highest priority for diffusion

A

water

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24
Q

osmosis is movement through a ____ membrane

A

semi-permeable

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25
Q

in osmosis the membrane is

A

permeable to solvent

not permeable to solute

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26
Q

hypotonic solution

A

lower solute concentration than another

cells gain water and burst

27
Q

hypertonic solution

A

higher solute concentration than another solution

cells lose water and shrivel

28
Q

isotonic solution

A

equal concentration to another solution

cell stays the same

29
Q

what kind of materials can’t get through the cell membrane on their own

A

large molecules
polar molecules
glucose
ions

30
Q

how do the material that can’t get through the cell membrane on their own diffuse?

A

facilitaed diffusion

transport proteins help molecules through membranes

31
Q

requirements for facilitated diffusion

A

carrier protein or channel protein
there must be a concentration gradient
passive process

32
Q

trasport proteins

A

channel proteins

carrier proteins

33
Q

what are channel proteins

A

tiny hydrophilic pores

34
Q

what are carrier proteins

A

bind and transport/change shape

like glucose

35
Q

what is the driving force for simple and facilitated diffusion

A

concentration gradient

36
Q

passive needs what kind of energy

A

no energy

37
Q

what is active transport

A

the movement of solute molecules across a membrane with the use of cellular energy

38
Q

why is energy needed in active transport

A

because the direction of movement is against the concentration gradient

39
Q

what is required for an active transport

A

carrier protein

40
Q

what are the three kinds of passive transport

A

diffusion through the lipid bilayer
diffusion through a channel
facilitated diffusion

41
Q

what kind of transport is the sodium/potassium pump

A

active transport

42
Q

endocytosis

A

materials move into the cell in a vesicle formed by the plasma membrane

43
Q

exocytosis

A

materials move out of the cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

44
Q

endocytosis and exocytosis require

A

energy

45
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

a type of endocytosis
material take in is large
the membrane engulfs it
a vesicle is formed by specialized cells

46
Q

what is pinocytosis

A

a type of endocytosis
a tiny drop of extracellular fluid is engulfed by the membrane
vesicle is tiny
most cells can do this

47
Q

what type of diffusion is receptor mediated

A

endocytosis

48
Q

characteristics of exocytosis

A

all cells do this

especially important in secretory cells and nerve cells

49
Q

diffusion allows cells to

A

obtain or release a variety of important materials such as oxygen

50
Q

diffusion is effective in situations where materials must be moved down a

A

concentration gradient

51
Q

facilitated diffusion is essential in moving

A

charged or large solute molecules

52
Q

facilitated diffusion gradient si from

A

high to love

53
Q

is energy needed for facilitated diffusion?

A

no

54
Q

osmos regualtes ___ inside cells

A

pressure

55
Q

osmosis is active or passive?

A

passive

56
Q

active transport cells may required _____

A

nutrients to be maintained at different concentrations inside the cell than is normally rpesent outside of the cell

57
Q

active transport requires or does not require energy?

A

requires

58
Q

what is receptor mediated endocytosis

A

important substances needed by the body

vitamins, anti-bodies, LDLs, transferrin, hormones

59
Q

what are the types of active transports

A 
active transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
receptor mediated endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
60
Q

what are the passive transports

A

osmosis
diffusion
facilitated diffusion

61
Q

a red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution gains or loses water

A

gains

62
Q

the movement of molecules form an area of low to high concentration requires

A

cellular energy

integral proteins

63
Q

the movement of sodium ions out of a cell from an area of low solute sodium ion concentration to an area of higher sodium ion concetrations would be a process called

A

active transport

64
Q

pinocytosis is an example of

A

active transport

ICTCM Year 2 (24 decks)

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