Superficial and Deep Muscles of the Back

Question 1

What defines extrinsic back muscles? (and where do they attach usually?)

Answer 1

assist in the movement of upper limbs and ribs, attach from vertebral column to ribs or upper limbs

Question 2

Which nerve innervates extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 2

anterior rami

Question 3

what information does the anterior rami carry?

Answer 3

both sensory and motor

Question 4

What defines the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 4

they support and move the vertebral column, maintain posture, and are DEEP

Question 5

Which nerve innervates the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 5

posterior rami

Question 6

what info does the posterior rami carry?

Answer 6

both sensory and motor

Question 7

Which are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 7

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, major and minor rhomboids, levator scapulae

Question 8

Which are the intermediate layer extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 8

serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

Question 9

What is the depth of the deep intrinsic back muscles from superficial to deep?

Answer 9

spinotransversalis, erector spinae, transversospinales, intrinsics

Question 10

Where does the descending portion of the trapezius originate?

Answer 10

superior nuchal line on the occipital bone, spinous process of C7, external occipital protuberance, and ligamentum nuchae

Question 11

where does the middle/transverse portion of the trapezius originate?

Answer 11

spinous processes C7 - T12

Question 12

Where does the descending portion of the trapezius attach?

Answer 12

lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion

Question 13

Where does the middle/transverse trapezius attach?

Answer 13

acromion, superior lip of the posterior border of the scapular spine

Question 14

Where does the ascending trapezius originate?

Answer 14

spinous processes of T4 - T12

Question 15

where does the ascending trapezius attach?

Answer 15

medial end of scapular spine

Question 16

what is the function of the descending trapezius?

Answer 16

elevate scapular (shrug)

Question 17

what is the function of the middle trapezius

Answer 17

adduction/retraction of the scapula

Question 18

what is the function of the ascending trapezius?

Answer 18

depress scapula

Question 19

what is the synergistic function of the descending and ascending trapezius?

Answer 19

upward rotation of the scapula

Question 20

innervation of trapezius?

Answer 20

CN11 or the spinal accessory nerve

Question 21

trapezius blood supply? and where does it run

Answer 21

superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery, runs medial to scapula

Question 22

examples of causes of spinal accessory nerve injury (7)

Answer 22

lymph node bx, neck dissection, carotid endarterectomy, parotid surgery, facelift, tumor, trauma (such as whiplash, blunt trauma, neck manipulation, penetration, love bites)

Question 23

where is the triangle of ascultation located?

Answer 23

border of latissimus dorsi, medial scapula and trapezius around the 6th intercostal space (T6/T7)

Question 24

origin of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 24

T7 spinous process to the thoracolumbar fascia to the sacrum to the iliac crest

Question 25

insertion latissimus dorsi

Answer 25

intertubercular sulcus on humerus, and the lateral lower 3-4 ribs

Question 26

innervation latissimus dorsi?

Answer 26

thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8)

Question 27

what is the blood supply to the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 27

thoracodorsal artery

Question 28

actions of latissimus dorsi

Answer 28

adduction and extension of humerus, internally rotates humerus (d/t intertubercular groove)

Question 29

Where is the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 29

it covers the deep back muscles, and is continuous with the nuchal fascia

Question 30

What portion of the latissimus dorsi arises from the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 30

aponeurosis of latissimus dorsi

Question 31

origin levator scapulae

Answer 31

transverse processes of C1-C4

Question 32

insertion levator scapulae

Answer 32

medial border of scapula at superior angle

Question 33

function of the levator scapulae?

Answer 33

elevates scapula (shrug)

Question 34

Where does the rhomboid minor originate?

Answer 34

spinous processes of C7 to T1

Question 35

Where does the rhomboid minor attach?

Answer 35

medial margin of scapula at the level of the spine

Question 36

Where does the rhomboid major originate?

Answer 36

spinous proesses of T2 to T5/T6

Question 37

Where does the rhomboid major attach?

Answer 37

medial margin of scapula below the spine

Question 38

What is the function of the rhomboid major and minor?

Answer 38

adduct and retract the scapula (party in the back)

Question 39

what innvervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae?

Answer 39

dorsal scapular nerve (C4/5 from the anterior rami)

Question 40

If the dorsal scapular nerve is damaged, what could happen?

Answer 40

the scapula could be further from midline ipsilaterally

Question 41

what is the blood supply to the levator scapulae and rhomboids?

Answer 41

dorsal scapular artery (which is the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery)

Question 42

What innervates the serratus posterior superior and inferior?

Answer 42

intercostal nerves

Question 43

what is the function of serratus posterior muscles?

Answer 43

proprioception of the back, elevation/depression of ribs during forced respiration

Question 44

Where do the serratus posterior inferior muscles originate?

Answer 44

spinous processes T11-L2

Question 45

Where do the serratus posterior inferior muscles attach?

Answer 45

ribs 9-12, superior borders lateral to their angles

Question 46

Where do the serratus posterior superior muscles originate:

Answer 46

spinous processes of C7-T3

Question 47

where do the serratus posterior superior muscles attach?

Answer 47

superior border of ribs 2-5, lateral to their angles

Question 48

what innervates the deep layer of intrinsic muscles?

Answer 48

the dorsal/posterior rami

Question 49

What muscles make up the spinotransversalis group?

Answer 49

splenius capitus and splenius cervicis

Question 50

what muscles make up the erector spinae group?

Answer 50

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Question 51

what muscles make up the transverseospinales group?

Answer 51

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Question 52

origin of splenius capitus?

Answer 52

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T4

Question 53

where does the splenius capitus attach?

Answer 53

mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of occipital bone (lateral 1/3)

Question 54

where does the splenius cervicis originate?

Answer 54

spinous process of T3-T6

Question 55

where does the splenius cervicis attach?

Answer 55

posterior tubercles of transverse process of C1-C3

Question 56

What is the function of splenius capitus and cervicis?

Answer 56

bilaterally extend head and neck, unilaterally rotate head and neck to SAME SIDE

Question 57

What are the 3 branches of the iliocostalis?

Answer 57

illiocostalis cervicis, thoracis and lumborum

Question 58

what are the 3 branches of the longissimus?

Answer 58

capitis, cervicis, thoracis

Question 59

what are the 2 branches of the spinalis?

Answer 59

cervicis and thoracis

Question 60

what is the function of the erector spinae?

Answer 60

posture, bilaterally extend vertebral column and head, unilaterally flex laterally to SAME side

Question 61

where do the rotatores brevis stretch to and from?

Answer 61

from the transverse process to the spinous process of the same vertebra

Question 62

where do the rotatores longus stretch to and from?

Answer 62

from the transverse process to the spinous bprocess of the previous vertebra

Question 63

origin of multifidus?

Answer 63

sacrum, ilium, transverse processes T1-L5, articular processes C4-C7

Question 64

where do the interspinales stretch to and from?

Answer 64

between spinous processes of adjacent vertebra

Question 65

origin of semispinalis capitus?

Answer 65

transverse process C7-T6/7, articular process of C4-C6

Question 66

function of the transversospinalis?

Answer 66

proprioception, rotates head and spine to contralateral side, bilaterally extend spine and head, maintain posture

Question 67

origin of erector spinae?

Answer 67

median sacral crest, posterior surface of the sacrum, spinal processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebra, medial part of iliac cresh

Question 68

insertion of erector spinae?

Answer 68

iliocostalis: angles of lower ribs and transverse processes of cervical spine longissimus: between tubercles and angles of ribs and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae spinalis: spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Question 69

innvervation of spinotransversalis muscle group?

Answer 69

posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

Question 70

insertion of semispinalis capitis?

Answer 70

between inferior and superior nuchal lines

Question 71

action of semispinalis capitis?

Answer 71

unilaterally rotates/extends head to opposite side | bilaterally extends head

Question 72

origin of semispinalis cervicis?

Answer 72

transverse process of T1-T5/6

Question 73

insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

Answer 73

spinous process of C2-C5

Question 74

action of semispinalis cervicis?

Answer 74

unilaterally rotates/extends neck to opposite side | bilaterally extends neck

Question 75

insertion of multifidus?

Answer 75

spinous processes L5-C2

Question 76

action of multifidus?

Answer 76

extends and rotates vertebral column to opposite side