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MGA > Superficial and Deep Muscles of the Back > Flashcards

Superficial and Deep Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

What defines extrinsic back muscles? (and where do they attach usually?)

A

assist in the movement of upper limbs and ribs, attach from vertebral column to ribs or upper limbs

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2
Q

Which nerve innervates extrinsic back muscles?

A

anterior rami

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3
Q

what information does the anterior rami carry?

A

both sensory and motor

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4
Q

What defines the intrinsic back muscles?

A

they support and move the vertebral column, maintain posture, and are DEEP

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5
Q

Which nerve innervates the intrinsic back muscles?

A

posterior rami

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6
Q

what info does the posterior rami carry?

A

both sensory and motor

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7
Q

Which are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, major and minor rhomboids, levator scapulae

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8
Q

Which are the intermediate layer extrinsic back muscles?

A

serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

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9
Q

What is the depth of the deep intrinsic back muscles from superficial to deep?

A

spinotransversalis, erector spinae, transversospinales, intrinsics

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10
Q

Where does the descending portion of the trapezius originate?

A

superior nuchal line on the occipital bone, spinous process of C7, external occipital protuberance, and ligamentum nuchae

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11
Q

where does the middle/transverse portion of the trapezius originate?

A

spinous processes C7 - T12

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12
Q

Where does the descending portion of the trapezius attach?

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion

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13
Q

Where does the middle/transverse trapezius attach?

A

acromion, superior lip of the posterior border of the scapular spine

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14
Q

Where does the ascending trapezius originate?

A

spinous processes of T4 - T12

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15
Q

where does the ascending trapezius attach?

A

medial end of scapular spine

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16
Q

what is the function of the descending trapezius?

A

elevate scapular (shrug)

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17
Q

what is the function of the middle trapezius

A

adduction/retraction of the scapula

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18
Q

what is the function of the ascending trapezius?

A

depress scapula

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19
Q

what is the synergistic function of the descending and ascending trapezius?

A

upward rotation of the scapula

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20
Q

innervation of trapezius?

A

CN11 or the spinal accessory nerve

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21
Q

trapezius blood supply? and where does it run

A

superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery, runs medial to scapula

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22
Q

examples of causes of spinal accessory nerve injury (7)

A

lymph node bx, neck dissection, carotid endarterectomy, parotid surgery, facelift, tumor, trauma (such as whiplash, blunt trauma, neck manipulation, penetration, love bites)

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23
Q

where is the triangle of ascultation located?

A

border of latissimus dorsi, medial scapula and trapezius around the 6th intercostal space (T6/T7)

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24
Q

origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

T7 spinous process to the thoracolumbar fascia to the sacrum to the iliac crest

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25
Q

insertion latissimus dorsi

A

intertubercular sulcus on humerus, and the lateral lower 3-4 ribs

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26
Q

innervation latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8)

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27
Q

what is the blood supply to the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal artery

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28
Q

actions of latissimus dorsi

A

adduction and extension of humerus, internally rotates humerus (d/t intertubercular groove)

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29
Q

Where is the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

it covers the deep back muscles, and is continuous with the nuchal fascia

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30
Q

What portion of the latissimus dorsi arises from the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

aponeurosis of latissimus dorsi

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31
Q

origin levator scapulae

A

transverse processes of C1-C4

32
Q

insertion levator scapulae

A

medial border of scapula at superior angle

33
Q

function of the levator scapulae?

A

elevates scapula (shrug)

34
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor originate?

A

spinous processes of C7 to T1

35
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor attach?

A

medial margin of scapula at the level of the spine

36
Q

Where does the rhomboid major originate?

A

spinous proesses of T2 to T5/T6

37
Q

Where does the rhomboid major attach?

A

medial margin of scapula below the spine

38
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid major and minor?

A

adduct and retract the scapula (party in the back)

39
Q

what innvervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4/5 from the anterior rami)

40
Q

If the dorsal scapular nerve is damaged, what could happen?

A

the scapula could be further from midline ipsilaterally

41
Q

what is the blood supply to the levator scapulae and rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular artery (which is the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery)

42
Q

What innervates the serratus posterior superior and inferior?

A

intercostal nerves

43
Q

what is the function of serratus posterior muscles?

A

proprioception of the back, elevation/depression of ribs during forced respiration

44
Q

Where do the serratus posterior inferior muscles originate?

A

spinous processes T11-L2

45
Q

Where do the serratus posterior inferior muscles attach?

A

ribs 9-12, superior borders lateral to their angles

46
Q

Where do the serratus posterior superior muscles originate:

A

spinous processes of C7-T3

47
Q

where do the serratus posterior superior muscles attach?

A

superior border of ribs 2-5, lateral to their angles

48
Q

what innervates the deep layer of intrinsic muscles?

A

the dorsal/posterior rami

49
Q

What muscles make up the spinotransversalis group?

A

splenius capitus and splenius cervicis

50
Q

what muscles make up the erector spinae group?

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

51
Q

what muscles make up the transverseospinales group?

A

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

52
Q

origin of splenius capitus?

A

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T4

53
Q

where does the splenius capitus attach?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of occipital bone (lateral 1/3)

54
Q

where does the splenius cervicis originate?

A

spinous process of T3-T6

55
Q

where does the splenius cervicis attach?

A

posterior tubercles of transverse process of C1-C3

56
Q

What is the function of splenius capitus and cervicis?

A

bilaterally extend head and neck, unilaterally rotate head and neck to SAME SIDE

57
Q

What are the 3 branches of the iliocostalis?

A

illiocostalis cervicis, thoracis and lumborum

58
Q

what are the 3 branches of the longissimus?

A

capitis, cervicis, thoracis

59
Q

what are the 2 branches of the spinalis?

A

cervicis and thoracis

60
Q

what is the function of the erector spinae?

A

posture, bilaterally extend vertebral column and head, unilaterally flex laterally to SAME side

61
Q

where do the rotatores brevis stretch to and from?

A

from the transverse process to the spinous process of the same vertebra

62
Q

where do the rotatores longus stretch to and from?

A

from the transverse process to the spinous bprocess of the previous vertebra

63
Q

origin of multifidus?

A

sacrum, ilium, transverse processes T1-L5, articular processes C4-C7

64
Q

where do the interspinales stretch to and from?

A

between spinous processes of adjacent vertebra

65
Q

origin of semispinalis capitus?

A

transverse process C7-T6/7, articular process of C4-C6

66
Q

function of the transversospinalis?

A

proprioception, rotates head and spine to contralateral side, bilaterally extend spine and head, maintain posture

67
Q

origin of erector spinae?

A

median sacral crest, posterior surface of the sacrum, spinal processes of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebra, medial part of iliac cresh

68
Q

insertion of erector spinae?

A

iliocostalis: angles of lower ribs and transverse processes of cervical spine
longissimus: between tubercles and angles of ribs and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
spinalis: spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

69
Q

innvervation of spinotransversalis muscle group?

A

posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

70
Q

insertion of semispinalis capitis?

A

between inferior and superior nuchal lines

71
Q

action of semispinalis capitis?

A

unilaterally rotates/extends head to opposite side

bilaterally extends head

72
Q

origin of semispinalis cervicis?

A

transverse process of T1-T5/6

73
Q

insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

A

spinous process of C2-C5

74
Q

action of semispinalis cervicis?

A

unilaterally rotates/extends neck to opposite side

bilaterally extends neck

75
Q

insertion of multifidus?

A

spinous processes L5-C2

76
Q

action of multifidus?

A

extends and rotates vertebral column to opposite side

MGA (27 decks)

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