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MGA > Spinal Cord and Meninges > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves in PNS?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

how many spinal nerves in PNS?

A

31 pairs

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3
Q

what composes the PNS?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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4
Q

what comprises the CNS?

A

spinal cord and brain

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5
Q

what is somatic?

A

receiving and responding to information related to external environment

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6
Q

what is visceral autonomic function?

A

innervation of internal organs, smooth muscle, and glands, detects and responds to internal stimuli

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7
Q

what is in gray matter?

A

cell bodies

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8
Q

what is in white matter?

A

myelinated axons

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9
Q

what information does the posterior root get, where does it enter?

A

sensory, afferent, dorsal horn

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10
Q

what information does the anterior root give, where does it exit?

A

motor, efferent, exits at the ventral horn

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11
Q

what is contained in the spinal ganglion (or dorsal root ganglion)?

A

neuron cell bodies

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12
Q

what is a ganglion?

A

collection of cell bodies in the PNS

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13
Q

what is a collection of cell bodies in the CNS

A

nucleus

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14
Q

what is the spinal nerve ACTUALLY, and where is it located?

A

a mixed motor and sensory nerve, posterior and anterior roots combined, located in the intervertebral foramen

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15
Q

once the spinal nerve splits after exiting the intervertebral foramen, what does it become?

A

the anterior ramus and the posterior ramus

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16
Q

what does the posterior ramus innervate?

A

deep back muscles, skin of back, joints between vertebrae

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17
Q

what does the anterior ramus innervate?

A

anterolateral body wall muscles (trunk) and skin, limb muscles and skin (everything else)

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18
Q

what does the anterior ramus branch out to become?

A

forms plexus - cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

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19
Q

what nerves does the cervical plexus include?

A

C1-C4

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20
Q

what nerves does the brachial plexus include?

A

C5-T1

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21
Q

what nervse does the lumbar plexus include?

A

L1-:4

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22
Q

what nervse does the sacral plexus include?

A

L4,5 and S1-S4

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23
Q

what is a myotome?

A

muscle fibers that are suppluied by a single spinal nerve

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24
Q

what is a dermatome?

A

an area of skin that has sensory innervation from a spinal nerve

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25
Q

list the order of meninges from deep to superficial?

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

26
Q

what structures are superficial to the dura mater?

A

the epidural space which contains the posterior and anterior internal vertebral venous plexus and epidural fat, and nerves

27
Q

what is in the subdural “space”

A

it is actually a potential space, no actual space, because the CSF presses the arachnoid mater into the dura mater

28
Q

what is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF, spinal arteries and veins - is between arachnoid mater and pia mater

29
Q

where does the spinal cord begin and “end” in an adult?

A

at the foramen magnum, to L1-L2

30
Q

where does the spinal cord end in a newborn?

A

L3-L5

31
Q

what is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

conus medullaris

32
Q

what are the numbers of the spinal cord segments? NOTE spinal cord segments do not match vertebral body segments

A 
cervical -8
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacral - 5
coccygeal - 1
33
Q

where do the 1st 7 cervical spinal nerves exit?

A

above the vertebra for which they are named

34
Q

where does C8 exit?

A

below C7 and above T1

35
Q

where do the thoracic (to Co) nerves exit?

A

below the vertebra for which they are named

36
Q

what is the cauda equina?

A

the spinal nerve roots in the lumbar cistern past the termination of the spinal cord in the conus medullaris

37
Q

what are the lateral extensions of the pia mater that help anchor the cord within the dural sac?

A

denticulate ligaments

38
Q

what is the function of the denticulate ligaments?

A

they are extensions of the pia mater that anchor the cord to the dural sac

39
Q

what is the filum terminale?

A

the terminal extension of the pia mater, it pierces the dura to anchor the inferior end of the spinal cord

40
Q

what shiny connection in the cauda equina acts to anchor the inferior end of the spinal cord?

A

filum terminale

41
Q

where is the lumbar cistern located?

A

L2-S2

42
Q

what is the function of the lumbar cistern?

A

it contains CSF, nerve roots of the cauda equina, and is a continuation of the subarachnoid space within the dural sac

43
Q

where would one perform a lumbar puncture?

A

in the lumbar cistern between L2 and S2, in the subarachnoid space, DISTAL to conus medullaris
TO KEEP THE CORD ALIVE, KEEP THE SPINAL NEEDLE BETWEEN L3 AND L5

44
Q

where does the dural sac end?

A

S2

45
Q

what meninges are pierced during a lumbar puncture?

A

the dura and arachnoid mater

46
Q

what meninges are pierced during an epidural?

A

NONE, the catheter is placed in the epidural space

47
Q

where do the rami exit past the sacral canal?

A

through the sacral foramina

48
Q

the dural sac (along with the dorsal and ventral roots) continues into ___ and ends at ____

A

the sacral canal, S2 segment

49
Q

which arteries supply the spinal cord?

A

1 anterior spinal longitudinal artery, and 2 posterior spinal longitudinal arteries

50
Q

where do the longitudinal arteries originate from?

A

the vertebral artery

51
Q

where does the anterior spinal artery run?

A

in the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord, and supplies anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

52
Q

where does the posterior spinal artery run?

A

the 2 posterior spinal arteries fun next to each dorsal root entry zone and supply posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

53
Q

what branches off of the anteior and posterior spinal arteries?

A

vertebral, intercostal, lumbar and sacral segmental medullary arteries

54
Q

what is the major blood supply for the lumbar and sacral cord?

A

the great anterior segmental medullary artery of adamkiewicz

55
Q

what are the major veins for the spinal cord?

A

the internal venous plexus and longitudinal veins (anterior spinal vein)

56
Q

where is the internal venous plexus located?

A

in the epidural space, superficial to the dura mater

57
Q

when do the dural sac and subarachnoid space end?

A

S2

58
Q

when does the spinal cord end in adults?

A

inferior border of L1 or superior border of L2

59
Q

where is it safe to insert a needle for a spinal tap?

A

above or below L4

60
Q

where is there NOT inververtebral discs?

A

C1/C2 and after S1 (there is one between L5/S1)

61
Q

what types of joints are between vertebra/inververtebral discs?

A

cartilaginous joint

62
Q

where is the conus medullaris?

A

L2

MGA (27 decks)

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