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MGA > Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region/Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region/Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

boundaries of the abdominal cavity

A
  1. superior: diaphragm

2. inferior: pelvic inlet

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2
Q

superficial fascia of abdomen

A
  1. adipose campers fascia superficially, continuous with superficial fascia of thigh
  2. membranous scarpas fascia deep, fuses with fascia lata of thigh
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3
Q

what is unique about superficial fascia in males?

A

campers and scarpas fascia fuse and form superficial fascia of the penis and dartos fascia in scrotum

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4
Q

what can accumulate in the superficial fascia

A

between layers is a potential space, fluid can accumulate there

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5
Q

action of external oblique

A

contralateral rotation, increase abd pressure

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6
Q

action of internal oblique

A

ipsilateral rotation, increase abd pressure

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7
Q

fusion of external oblique

A

aponeurosis fuses with linea alba and muscle fibers attach to angles of ribs and posteriorly

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8
Q

fusion of internal oblique

A

aponeurosis fuses with linea alba and more muscle fibers attach to iliac spine and posteriorly

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9
Q

transversus abdominus location and function

A

increases intra-abdominal pressure, aponeurosis attaches to linea alba and pubic crest

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10
Q

function of rectus abdominis

A

flex vertebral columb, increase interabdominal pressure

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11
Q

describe rectus sheath above arcuate line

A

aponeuroses of external and internal oblique fuse along with scarpas fascia to become anterior rectus sheath and aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles along with transversalis fascia form posterior rectus sheath

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12
Q

below arcuate line rectus sheath

A

aponeuroses of external, internal obliques and transversus abdominus fuse to make an anterior rectus sheath, and only the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum form posterior to rectus obdominis

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13
Q

innervation of abdominal wall muscles

A

ventral rami between transversus abdominis and internal oblique, pierce rectus sheath to innervate rectus abdominis

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14
Q

blood supply obliques

A
  1. superior epigastric
  2. musculophrenic
  3. posterior intercostals
  4. subcostal a
  5. inferior epigastric
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15
Q

what does the inguinal canal contain in males and females?

A

males: spermatic cord
females: round ligament of uterus

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16
Q

boundaries of inguinal canal: anterior wall

A

laterally the internal oblique, then aponeurosis of external oblique

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17
Q

what makes up the spermatic cord

A

external oblique

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18
Q

boundaries of inguinal canal: floor

A

curled up inguinal ligament, medially the lacunar ligament

19
Q

boundaries of inguinal canal: posterior wall

A

transversalis fascia and medially the conjoint tendon

20
Q

what is the conjoint tendon?

A

combined tendon of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

21
Q

boundaries of inguinal canal: roof

A

arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

22
Q

what forms the superficial inguinal ring

A

aponeurosis of external oblique, forms lateral and medial crus with intercrural fibers

23
Q

what is the gubernaculum

A

pulls inferior pole of gonad through abdominal wall to the labioscrotal swelling, takes fibers with it along the way, surrounded by peritoneum extension called the processus vaginalis

24
Q

what covers the inguinal canal as the testes descend into the scrotum? (aka what is the covering of the spermatic cord)

A

parietal peritoneum, extraperitoneal fascia, transversalis fascia, transversus abdominus, internal oblique and external oblique muscles,

25
Q

what does the processus vaginalis turn into?

A

closes off in inguinal canal and partially surrounds testis called tunica vaginalis

26
Q

development of inguinal region in females

A

ovaries stop their descent in the pelvis, so the remains of the gubernaculum go through the inguinal canal to the labia majora as the round ligament of the uteru s

27
Q

location of deep inginal ring, intermediate, and superficial

A
  1. above inguinal ligament, lateral to and inferior to inferior epigastric vessels
  2. through transversalis fascia and UNDER TA
  3. through internal oblique muscles
  4. aponeurosis of ext oblique
28
Q

what forms internal spermatic fascia of spermatic cord?

A

transversalis fascia

29
Q

layers of spermatic cord

A
  1. internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia
  2. cremaster muscle and fascia from the internal oblique muscle
  3. external spermatic fascia from the aponeurosis of the external oblique
30
Q

attachment of crura of superficial inguinal ring

A

pubic symphisis and crest

31
Q

boundaries of inguinal triangle

A

laterally, inferior epigastric vessels; inferiorly inguinal ligament; medially rectus abdominis

32
Q

location of deep inguinal ring

A

above inguinal ligament, lateral to epigastric vessels

33
Q

location of superficial inguinal ring

A

lateral to rectus abdominis, above inguinal ligament, medial to epigastric vessels

34
Q

describe indirect inguinal hernia

A
  1. lateral to the epigastric vessels
  2. usually congenital
  3. most common type
  4. may go all the way through the inguinal canal and into scrotum
35
Q

describe direct inguinal hernia

A
  1. medial to epigastric vessels
  2. due to age, strain, obesity
  3. more common in elderly and obese
  4. enters medially through triangle and exits superficial inguinal ring
36
Q

what was the median fold

A

the urachus - used to be the median umbilical ligament.allantois

37
Q

what is the lateral fold

A

peritoneum covering inferior epigastric vessels

38
Q

what was in the medial fold

A

obliterated umbilical arteries (brought deoxygenated blood to placenta)

39
Q

what is foramen of winslow or epiploic foramen

A

connection of greater and lesser sacs

40
Q

what is the lesser sac

A

area behind the stomach, lesser omentum and greater omentum but in front of the pancreas, duodenum and transverse colon

41
Q

what ligament contains portal triad

A

hepatoduodenal ligament in the lesser omentum

42
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

suprarenal glands, aorta and IVC, 2nd and 4th parts duodenum, pancreas except tail, ureters, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, esophagus, rectum

43
Q

what do the mesenteries hold

A

jejunum, ileum, cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid mesocolon

44
Q

significance of paracolic gutters

A

allow fast spread of infection

MGA (27 decks)

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