Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region/Cavity

Question 1

boundaries of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

1. superior: diaphragm

2. inferior: pelvic inlet

Question 2

superficial fascia of abdomen

Answer 2

1. adipose campers fascia superficially, continuous with superficial fascia of thigh
2. membranous scarpas fascia deep, fuses with fascia lata of thigh

Question 3

what is unique about superficial fascia in males?

Answer 3

campers and scarpas fascia fuse and form superficial fascia of the penis and dartos fascia in scrotum

Question 4

what can accumulate in the superficial fascia

Answer 4

between layers is a potential space, fluid can accumulate there

Question 5

action of external oblique

Answer 5

contralateral rotation, increase abd pressure

Question 6

action of internal oblique

Answer 6

ipsilateral rotation, increase abd pressure

Question 7

fusion of external oblique

Answer 7

aponeurosis fuses with linea alba and muscle fibers attach to angles of ribs and posteriorly

Question 8

fusion of internal oblique

Answer 8

aponeurosis fuses with linea alba and more muscle fibers attach to iliac spine and posteriorly

Question 9

transversus abdominus location and function

Answer 9

increases intra-abdominal pressure, aponeurosis attaches to linea alba and pubic crest

Question 10

function of rectus abdominis

Answer 10

flex vertebral columb, increase interabdominal pressure

Question 11

describe rectus sheath above arcuate line

Answer 11

aponeuroses of external and internal oblique fuse along with scarpas fascia to become anterior rectus sheath and aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles along with transversalis fascia form posterior rectus sheath

Question 12

below arcuate line rectus sheath

Answer 12

aponeuroses of external, internal obliques and transversus abdominus fuse to make an anterior rectus sheath, and only the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum form posterior to rectus obdominis

Question 13

innervation of abdominal wall muscles

Answer 13

ventral rami between transversus abdominis and internal oblique, pierce rectus sheath to innervate rectus abdominis

Question 14

blood supply obliques

Answer 14

1. superior epigastric
2. musculophrenic
3. posterior intercostals
4. subcostal a
5. inferior epigastric

Question 15

what does the inguinal canal contain in males and females?

Answer 15

males: spermatic cord
females: round ligament of uterus

Question 16

boundaries of inguinal canal: anterior wall

Answer 16

laterally the internal oblique, then aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 17

what makes up the spermatic cord

Answer 17

external oblique

Question 18

boundaries of inguinal canal: floor

Answer 18

curled up inguinal ligament, medially the lacunar ligament

Question 19

boundaries of inguinal canal: posterior wall

Answer 19

transversalis fascia and medially the conjoint tendon

Question 20

what is the conjoint tendon?

Answer 20

combined tendon of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Question 21

boundaries of inguinal canal: roof

Answer 21

arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 22

what forms the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 22

aponeurosis of external oblique, forms lateral and medial crus with intercrural fibers

Question 23

what is the gubernaculum

Answer 23

pulls inferior pole of gonad through abdominal wall to the labioscrotal swelling, takes fibers with it along the way, surrounded by peritoneum extension called the processus vaginalis

Question 24

what covers the inguinal canal as the testes descend into the scrotum? (aka what is the covering of the spermatic cord)

Answer 24

parietal peritoneum, extraperitoneal fascia, transversalis fascia, transversus abdominus, internal oblique and external oblique muscles,

Question 25

what does the processus vaginalis turn into?

Answer 25

closes off in inguinal canal and partially surrounds testis called tunica vaginalis

Question 26

development of inguinal region in females

Answer 26

ovaries stop their descent in the pelvis, so the remains of the gubernaculum go through the inguinal canal to the labia majora as the round ligament of the uteru s

Question 27

location of deep inginal ring, intermediate, and superficial

Answer 27

1. above inguinal ligament, lateral to and inferior to inferior epigastric vessels 2. through transversalis fascia and UNDER TA 3. through internal oblique muscles 4. aponeurosis of ext oblique

Question 28

what forms internal spermatic fascia of spermatic cord?

Answer 28

transversalis fascia

Question 29

layers of spermatic cord

Answer 29

1. internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia 2. cremaster muscle and fascia from the internal oblique muscle 3. external spermatic fascia from the aponeurosis of the external oblique

Question 30

attachment of crura of superficial inguinal ring

Answer 30

pubic symphisis and crest

Question 31

boundaries of inguinal triangle

Answer 31

laterally, inferior epigastric vessels; inferiorly inguinal ligament; medially rectus abdominis

Question 32

location of deep inguinal ring

Answer 32

above inguinal ligament, lateral to epigastric vessels

Question 33

location of superficial inguinal ring

Answer 33

lateral to rectus abdominis, above inguinal ligament, medial to epigastric vessels

Question 34

describe indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 34

1. lateral to the epigastric vessels 2. usually congenital 3. most common type 4. may go all the way through the inguinal canal and into scrotum

Question 35

describe direct inguinal hernia

Answer 35

1. medial to epigastric vessels 2. due to age, strain, obesity 3. more common in elderly and obese 4. enters medially through triangle and exits superficial inguinal ring

Question 36

what was the median fold

Answer 36

the urachus - used to be the median umbilical ligament.allantois

Question 37

what is the lateral fold

Answer 37

peritoneum covering inferior epigastric vessels

Question 38

what was in the medial fold

Answer 38

obliterated umbilical arteries (brought deoxygenated blood to placenta)

Question 39

what is foramen of winslow or epiploic foramen

Answer 39

connection of greater and lesser sacs

Question 40

what is the lesser sac

Answer 40

area behind the stomach, lesser omentum and greater omentum but in front of the pancreas, duodenum and transverse colon

Question 41

what ligament contains portal triad

Answer 41

hepatoduodenal ligament in the lesser omentum

Question 42

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 42

suprarenal glands, aorta and IVC, 2nd and 4th parts duodenum, pancreas except tail, ureters, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, esophagus, rectum

Question 43

what do the mesenteries hold

Answer 43

jejunum, ileum, cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid mesocolon

Question 44

significance of paracolic gutters

Answer 44

allow fast spread of infection