Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region/Cavity Flashcards
boundaries of the abdominal cavity
- superior: diaphragm
2. inferior: pelvic inlet
superficial fascia of abdomen
- adipose campers fascia superficially, continuous with superficial fascia of thigh
- membranous scarpas fascia deep, fuses with fascia lata of thigh
what is unique about superficial fascia in males?
campers and scarpas fascia fuse and form superficial fascia of the penis and dartos fascia in scrotum
what can accumulate in the superficial fascia
between layers is a potential space, fluid can accumulate there
action of external oblique
contralateral rotation, increase abd pressure
action of internal oblique
ipsilateral rotation, increase abd pressure
fusion of external oblique
aponeurosis fuses with linea alba and muscle fibers attach to angles of ribs and posteriorly
fusion of internal oblique
aponeurosis fuses with linea alba and more muscle fibers attach to iliac spine and posteriorly
transversus abdominus location and function
increases intra-abdominal pressure, aponeurosis attaches to linea alba and pubic crest
function of rectus abdominis
flex vertebral columb, increase interabdominal pressure
describe rectus sheath above arcuate line
aponeuroses of external and internal oblique fuse along with scarpas fascia to become anterior rectus sheath and aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles along with transversalis fascia form posterior rectus sheath
below arcuate line rectus sheath
aponeuroses of external, internal obliques and transversus abdominus fuse to make an anterior rectus sheath, and only the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum form posterior to rectus obdominis
innervation of abdominal wall muscles
ventral rami between transversus abdominis and internal oblique, pierce rectus sheath to innervate rectus abdominis
blood supply obliques
- superior epigastric
- musculophrenic
- posterior intercostals
- subcostal a
- inferior epigastric
what does the inguinal canal contain in males and females?
males: spermatic cord
females: round ligament of uterus
boundaries of inguinal canal: anterior wall
laterally the internal oblique, then aponeurosis of external oblique
what makes up the spermatic cord
external oblique
boundaries of inguinal canal: floor
curled up inguinal ligament, medially the lacunar ligament
boundaries of inguinal canal: posterior wall
transversalis fascia and medially the conjoint tendon
what is the conjoint tendon?
combined tendon of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
boundaries of inguinal canal: roof
arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
what forms the superficial inguinal ring
aponeurosis of external oblique, forms lateral and medial crus with intercrural fibers
what is the gubernaculum
pulls inferior pole of gonad through abdominal wall to the labioscrotal swelling, takes fibers with it along the way, surrounded by peritoneum extension called the processus vaginalis
what covers the inguinal canal as the testes descend into the scrotum? (aka what is the covering of the spermatic cord)
parietal peritoneum, extraperitoneal fascia, transversalis fascia, transversus abdominus, internal oblique and external oblique muscles,
what does the processus vaginalis turn into?
closes off in inguinal canal and partially surrounds testis called tunica vaginalis
development of inguinal region in females
ovaries stop their descent in the pelvis, so the remains of the gubernaculum go through the inguinal canal to the labia majora as the round ligament of the uteru s
location of deep inginal ring, intermediate, and superficial
- above inguinal ligament, lateral to and inferior to inferior epigastric vessels
- through transversalis fascia and UNDER TA
- through internal oblique muscles
- aponeurosis of ext oblique
what forms internal spermatic fascia of spermatic cord?
transversalis fascia
layers of spermatic cord
- internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia
- cremaster muscle and fascia from the internal oblique muscle
- external spermatic fascia from the aponeurosis of the external oblique
attachment of crura of superficial inguinal ring
pubic symphisis and crest
boundaries of inguinal triangle
laterally, inferior epigastric vessels; inferiorly inguinal ligament; medially rectus abdominis
location of deep inguinal ring
above inguinal ligament, lateral to epigastric vessels
location of superficial inguinal ring
lateral to rectus abdominis, above inguinal ligament, medial to epigastric vessels
describe indirect inguinal hernia
- lateral to the epigastric vessels
- usually congenital
- most common type
- may go all the way through the inguinal canal and into scrotum
describe direct inguinal hernia
- medial to epigastric vessels
- due to age, strain, obesity
- more common in elderly and obese
- enters medially through triangle and exits superficial inguinal ring
what was the median fold
the urachus - used to be the median umbilical ligament.allantois
what is the lateral fold
peritoneum covering inferior epigastric vessels
what was in the medial fold
obliterated umbilical arteries (brought deoxygenated blood to placenta)
what is foramen of winslow or epiploic foramen
connection of greater and lesser sacs
what is the lesser sac
area behind the stomach, lesser omentum and greater omentum but in front of the pancreas, duodenum and transverse colon
what ligament contains portal triad
hepatoduodenal ligament in the lesser omentum
retroperitoneal organs
suprarenal glands, aorta and IVC, 2nd and 4th parts duodenum, pancreas except tail, ureters, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, esophagus, rectum
what do the mesenteries hold
jejunum, ileum, cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid mesocolon
significance of paracolic gutters
allow fast spread of infection
