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MGA > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

3 stages of prenatal development

A
  1. germinal stage
  2. embryonic stage
  3. fetal stage
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2
Q

when is germinal stage

A

0-2 weeks

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3
Q

when is embryonic stage

A

weeks 3-8

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4
Q

when is fetal stage

A

weeks 9-birth

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5
Q

what generally occurs during germinal stage

A

zygote formation, cell division, zygote attachment to uterine wall

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6
Q

what general occurs during embryonic stage

A

organ formation and teratogen sensitivity, heart functions

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7
Q

what generally occurs during fetal stage

A

rapid fetal growth, sex organ formation, organ systems function

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8
Q

how does a sperm enter the zona pellucida

A

it secretes acrosomal enzymes that dissolves the zona pellucida

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9
Q

what occurs as soon as the sperm enters the zona

A

cortical vesicles release protease to make zona impermeable to any other sperm

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10
Q

process of fusion of egg and sperm

A
  1. membranes fuse
  2. contents of sperm enter egg
  3. formation of male and female pronuclei (haploid)
  4. fusion of pronuclei make zygote (diploid) around 12 hours after fertilization, which begins to divide through mitosis
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11
Q

how long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract

A

6 DAYS

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12
Q

how long does the egg last once it is released?

A

begins to degenerate after a day, so fertilization must occur within 24 hours of ovulation

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13
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

ampulla of uterine tube

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14
Q

chances of apullar ectopic pregnancy

A

93%

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15
Q

chances of isthmic EP

A

4%

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16
Q

chances of interstitial (cornual =) EP

A

2.5%

17
Q

chances of ovarian EP

A

0.5%

18
Q

chances of cervical EP

A

0.1%

19
Q

chances of abdominal EP

A

0.03%

20
Q

basic tissue type deriving from ectoderm

A

nerve, epithelia

21
Q

basic tissue type deriving from mesoderm

A

muscle, connective tissue, epithelia

22
Q

basic tissue type deriving from endoderm

A

epithelia

23
Q

specific structures derived from ectoderm

A

skin, CNS, PNS, eyes, internal ear, neural crest cells (bones and connective tissue of the face and part of skull)

24
Q

specific structures derived from mesoderm

A

bones, connective tissue, skeletal muscle, urogenital system, CV system

25
Q

specific structures derived from endoderm

A

gut and gut derivatives (liver, pancreas, lungs)

26
Q

unique quality of penetration of zona pellucida?

A

once sperm enters, no other sperms can enter

27
Q

when is the zygote called a morula?

A

once it is 16 cells

28
Q

when does the the morula become when it is in the uterus?

A

blastocyst

29
Q

when does implantation usually occur?

A

6 weeks

30
Q

where does implantation usually occur

A

posterior wall

31
Q

cells on inside of blastula

A

inner cell mass - embryoblast

MGA (27 decks)

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