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MGA > Intro to Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Intro to Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial nerve nuclei DO NOT originate in the brainstem?

A

CNI and CNII (outgrowth of forebrain)

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2
Q

function of CNI

A

special sense (olfaction - smell)

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3
Q

where do CN I fibers pass?

A

cribiform plate and synapse in olfactory bulb

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4
Q

where do secondary neurons for CNI travel?

A

secondary neurons travel from olfactory bulb down olfactory tract to the forebrain

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5
Q

function of CNII

A

special sense (sight)

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6
Q

where do fibers from CN II go?

A

leave retina and enter middle cranial fossa via optic canal

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7
Q

what is unique about CN II?

A

fibers cross each other in the optic chiasm before forming optic tracts

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8
Q

function of CN III

A

somatic motor and parasympathetic

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9
Q

what somatic motor function does CN III provide

A
  1. superior rectus m 2. medial rectus m 3. inferior rectus m 4. inferior oblique m
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10
Q

what parasympathetic function does CN III carry?

A

innervates sphincter pupillae m, causes pupillary constriction

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11
Q

where does CN III exit the cranium?

A

superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

function of CN IV

A

motor to superior oblique m, extraocular muscle

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13
Q

where does CN IV exit the cranium?

A

superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

function of CN V?

A

somatic motor and sensory

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15
Q

muscles of mastication

A
  1. temporalis 2. masseter 3. medial pterygoid 4. lateral pterygoid
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16
Q

motor innervation of CN V?

A
  1. deep temporal nerves (off V3) – Temporalis 2. masseteric nerve (off V3) – masseter 3. nerve to medial pterygoid (off V3) – medial pterygoid and tensor veli palatini 4. nerve to lateral pterygoid (off V3) – lateral pterygoid 5. nerve to mylohyoid (off V3 - specifically inferior alveolar) – mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
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17
Q

what muscles does CN V innervate?

A
  1. temporalis 2. masseter 3. medial pterygoid 4. tensor veli palatini 5. lateral pterygoid 6. mylohyoid 7. anterior belly of digastric
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18
Q

sensory innervation of CNV

A

sensory innervation of face and anterior 2/3 of tongue (via lingual)

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19
Q

what contains cell bodies for sensation to the face?

A

trigeminal ganglion (in the medial cranial fossa, under dura)

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20
Q

explain the sensory innervation of V1

A

from scalp to upper eyelid and bridge and tip of nose

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21
Q

explain sensory innervation of V2

A

lower eyelid, side of nose to upper lip

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22
Q

explain the sensory innervation of V3

A

lower lip to around chin

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23
Q

branches of V3

A
  1. auriculotemporal n
  2. meningeal branch
  3. posterior deep temporal n
  4. anterior deep temporal n
  5. masseteric n
  6. buccal n to buccinator muscle
  7. lingual n
  8. inferior alveolar n
  9. n to mylohyoid
  10. n to lateral pterygoid
  11. n to medial pterygoid and tensor veli palatini
  12. mental n
  13. n to tensor tympani
  14. lesser petrosal n (from glossopharyngeal N)
  15. parotid branches
  16. articular and anterior auricular branches
  17. superficial temporal
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24
Q

function of CN VI

A

somatic motor

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25
Q

motor innervation of CNVI

A

lateral rectus muscle

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26
Q

how does CNVI exit cranium?

A

superior orbital fissure

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27
Q

what could result from damage to CNVI?

A

medial strabismus of eye - ESOTROPIA (uninhibited medial rectus activity due to inactive lateral rectus)

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28
Q

function of CNVII

A
  1. special sense (taste)
  2. somatic motor
  3. parasympathetic
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29
Q

special sense function of VII

A

taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani

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30
Q

motor innervation branches of CNVII

A
  1. posterior auricular branch
  2. temporalis
  3. zygomatic
  4. buccal
  5. mandibular
  6. cervical
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31
Q

muscles innervated by CNVII

A

muscles of facial expression plus extra

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32
Q

specific muscles innervated by CNVII

A
  1. auricularis anterior – PA and temporal
  2. auricularis posterior – PA and temporal
  3. auricularis superior – PA and temporal
  4. buccinator – buccal
  5. corrugator supercili – zygomatic and temporal (hate lines)
  6. depressor anguli oris – mandibular and buccal
  7. depressor labii inferioris – mandibular and buccal
    7a. depressor septi nasi – zygomatic and buccal
  8. posterior belly of digastric
  9. frontal belly of occipitofrontalis – temporal
  10. levator anguli oris – zygomatic and buccal
  11. levator labii superioris – zygomatic and buccal
  12. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi – zygomatic and buccal (flares nostril)
  13. mentalis – marginal mandibular
  14. nasalis – zygomatic and buccal
  15. occipital belly of occipitofontralis m – PA
  16. orbicularis oculi
  17. orbicularis oris – zygomatic, buccal, mandibular
  18. platysma
  19. stapedius `
  20. stylohyoid
  21. zygomaticus major – zygomatic and buccal
  22. zygomaticus minor – zygomatic and buccal
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33
Q

action of auricularis anterior

A

elevates and draws ear forward

34
Q

action of auricularis posterior – PA and temporal

A

retract and elevate ear

35
Q

action of auricularis superior

A

retract and elevate ear

36
Q

action of buccinator

A

mastication, compresses cheeks and expels air between lips (duck face)

37
Q

action of corrugator supercilli

A

draws eyebrows downward and medially (hate lines)

38
Q

action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses angle of mouth

39
Q

action of depressor septi nasi

A

narrows nostril and draws septum down

40
Q

action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depress lower lip and draws downward

41
Q

action of frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

A

raises eyebrows

42
Q

action of levator anguli oris

A

elevates angle of mouth

43
Q

action of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

dilates nostril, elevates upper lip

44
Q

action of levator labii superioris

A

dilates nares and elevates upper lip

45
Q

action of mentalis

A

raises and protrudes lower lip (pouty face)

46
Q

action of nasalis

A

draw ala of nose toward nasal septum, compress nostrils, opens nostrils

47
Q

acction of occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

A

moves scalp backward

48
Q

action of orbicularis oculi

A

closes eyelids

49
Q

action of orbicularis oris

A

compression, contraction, protrusion of lips (pursing, duck face)

50
Q

action of platysma

A

tenses skin of neck

51
Q

action of procerus

A

draws down medial aspect of eyebrows, transferse wrinkles of bridge of nose

52
Q

action of risorius

A

retracts angle of mouth

53
Q

action of zygomaticus major

A

draws angle of mouth backward and upward

54
Q

action of zygomaticus minor

A

elevates upper lip

55
Q

parasympathetics of CNVII

A

greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani supply lacrimal, sublingual and submandibular glands

56
Q

where does CNVII exit

A

internal acoustic meatus, and then through stylomastoid foramen

57
Q

action of CNVIII

A

special sense – hearing and balance

58
Q

where does CNVIII exit>

A

internal acoustic meatus, then splits into cochlear and vestibular nerves

59
Q

what occurs once CNVIII enters internal acoustic meatus?

A

splits into cochlear nerve for hearing and vestibular nerve for equilibrium and balance

60
Q

function of CNIX

A
  1. somatic motor
  2. general sense
  3. special sense – taste
  4. parasympathetic
61
Q

motor innervation of CNIX

A

stylopharyngeus only

62
Q

somatic innervation of CNIX

A

sensory to portions of pharynx, soft palate, posterior 1/3 of tongue

63
Q

special sense of CNIX

A

taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

64
Q

explain somatic and special sensory innervation of the tongue

A

anterior 2/3 – taste: chorda tympani from CNVII, general sense: lingual N from V3

posterior 1/3 – taste and general sense: CN IX

65
Q

parasympathetic innervation of CNIX

A

parasympathetic to parotid gland

66
Q

where does CNIX exit the cranial fossa?

A

jugular foramen (with 10 and 11)

67
Q

function of CNX

A
  1. somatic motor
  2. sensory
  3. parasympathetic
68
Q

motor suppy of CNX

A

soft palate, pharynx, intrinsic laryngeal muscles via recurrent laryngeal

69
Q

sensory innervation CNX

A

inferior pharynx and larynx

70
Q

parasympathetic innervation CNX

A

parasympathetic to thorax and abdomen

71
Q

where does CNX leave cranial fossa?

A

jugular foramen with IX and XI

72
Q

function of CN XI

A

somatic motor

73
Q

what muscles does XI innervate?

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

74
Q

what makes up CNXI?

A

rootlets from C1-C5

75
Q

describe the route of CNXI

A

travels into the foramen magnum from the spinal cord (C1-C5) and then leaves the posterior cranial fossa via jugular foramen

76
Q

what is a sign of CNXI injury?

A

saggy drooped shoulder from lack of trapezius

77
Q

function of CNXII

A

somatic motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

78
Q

where does CNXII leave posterior cranial fossa?

A

hypoglossal canal

79
Q

sign of CNXII damage?

A

apex of tongue deviates toward the damaged side

80
Q

what nerves exit through the superior orbial fissure?

A
  1. oculomotor (3)
  2. trochlear (4)
  3. opthalmic (5-1)
  4. abducens (6)
81
Q

what nerves travel through the cavernous sinus?

A
  1. oculomotor (3)
  2. trochlear (4)
  3. opthalmic (5-1)
  4. maxillary (5-2)
  5. abducens (6)
82
Q
A

MGA (27 decks)

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