Orbit

Question 1

bone roof of orbit

Answer 1

frontal

Question 2

bone medial wall of orbit

Answer 2

ethmoid (posteriorly) and lacrimal (anteriorly)bones

Question 3

lateral wall of orbit

Answer 3

sphenoid (posteriorly) and zygomatic (anteriorly)

Question 4

floor of orbit

Answer 4

maxilla

Question 5

what occurs in an orbital blowout fracture

Answer 5

forces transmitted to thinner walls of the orbit cause fracture and contents hemorrage medially into ethmoid air cells or inferiorly into maxillary sinus

Question 6

which walls of the orbit are at higher risk of blowout fracture

Answer 6

floor (maxilla) and (posterior) medial wall (ethmoid)

Question 7

what are the consequences of orbital blowout fx

Answer 7

hemorrhage into: 1. ethmoid air cells (medially) 2. maxillary sinus (inferiorly)

Question 8

describe medial wall of orbit

Answer 8

are parallel

Question 9

describe lateral walls of orbit

Answer 9

converge at 90degrees at the hypophyseal fossa

Question 10

describe the optic axis

Answer 10

follows the line of gaze, should always be parallel to each other (parallel to medial walls)

Question 11

describe orbital axis

Answer 11

follows axis of orbit itself, follows the apex through the center of the orbit

Question 12

what is bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 12

conjunctiva covering the eye itself, but stops at limbus (doesn’t cover cornea)

Question 13

what is palpebral conjunctiva?

Answer 13

inner surface of the eyelid that reflects onto the eyeball itself (becomes the bulbar conjunctiva)

Question 14

describe the folding of the conjunctiva

Answer 14

palpebral conjunctiva folds and becomes the bulbar conjunctiva, the space between the 2 is called superior conjunctiva fornix

Question 15

what is superior and inferior conjunctival fornix?

Answer 15

blind ended culdesac, made up of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

Question 16

what are ciliary glands?

Answer 16

sebaceous/sweat glands at the base of each eyelash

Question 17

what are tarsal glands?

Answer 17

glands within the skeleton of the eyelid, lubricates eyelid and prevents the eyelid from sticking to the eyeball

Question 18

what is a chalazion

Answer 18

blockage of tarsal glands that manifests as a small, PAINLESS bump on eyelid

Question 20

what is a stye

Answer 20

INFECTION of ciliary (sebaceous) glands of the eyelid. are PAINFUL and purulent

Question 21

innvervation of levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 21

CNIII (oculomotor)

Question 22

innervation of superior tarsus

Answer 22

sympathetics

Question 23

innervation of orbicularis oculi

Answer 23

CN VII facial nerve

Question 24

what muscles elevate the eyelid?

Answer 24

1. levator palpebrae superioris
2. superior tarsus

Question 25

what muscle closes the eye?

Answer 25

orbicularis oculi

Question 26

describe orbital part of orbicularis oculi

Answer 26

around orbital rim, hard closure of the eye

Question 27

describe palpebral part of orbicularis oculi

Answer 27

covers the eyelash itself, soft closure of the eye

Question 28

what is ptosis

Answer 28

drooping of the upper eyelid

Question 29

what causes ptosis

Answer 29

weakness of denervation of

1. superior tarsus (sympathetics)

or

2. levator palpebrae superioris (CNIII)

Question 30

sensory innervation of the eyelids

Answer 30

1. V1 – supraorbital nerve, lacrimal nerve, supratrochlear nerve, infratrochlear nerve
2. V2 – infraorbital nerve

Question 31

what makes the superior and inferior tarsal plates?

Answer 31

the continuation of periosteum (orbital septum) thickens above and below eye

Question 32

what does the orbital septum do?

Answer 32

keeps content of orbit within the orbit, prevents hemorrhaging out of the face; is a continuation of periostum covering the bones of the face

Question 33

origin of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 33

medial palpebral legament

Question 34

what makes up the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments?

Answer 34

thickened orbital septum medially and laterally

Question 35

origin of levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 35

superior tarsal plate

Question 36

flow of lacrimal apparatus

Answer 36

1. lacrimal gland
2. lacrimal ducts
3. lacrimal puncta
4. lacrimal canaliculi
5. lacrimal sac
6. nasolacrimal duct
7. nasal cavity through inferior nasal meatus