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MGA > Pelvis, Perineum, Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

Pelvis, Perineum, Pelvic Floor Flashcards

1
Q

what is the false pelvis related to

A

ilium, lower lumbar vertebrae, the lowest part of the abdomen

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2
Q

what does the false pelvis contain

A

sigmoid colon, cecum

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3
Q

what is the true pelvis related to

A

pubis, ischium, sacrum, bounded by inlet and outlet

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4
Q

what does the true pelvis contain

A

urinary and reproductive organs

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5
Q

boundaries of the true true pelvis

A

intervertebral disc of L5 to the pubic tubercle; coccyx to inferior to pubic symphysis (perineal membrane)

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6
Q

what bones is the pelvis made up of

A

right and left pelvic bones (os coxae), sacrum, coccyx

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7
Q

what bones make up the acetabulum

A

ileum, ischium, pubis

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8
Q

ID bony landmarks

A
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9
Q

ID bony landmarks

A
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10
Q

body landmarks

A
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11
Q

what makes up the pubic symphysis

A

hyaline and fibrocartilage between superior and inferior pubic rami, transversed by superior pubic ligament and inferior pubic ligament

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12
Q

what makes up the lumbosacral joints

A

articular processes of 2 zygapophyseal joints and an intervertebral disc

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13
Q

what type of joint is the SI joint

A

synovial

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14
Q

function of the SI joint

A

transmit forces from lower limb to hip

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15
Q

what is the function of the sacrotuberous ligaments

A

prevent upward tilting of sacrum

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16
Q

where does the sacrospinous ligament attach

A

from the ischial spine to the sacrum

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17
Q

where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach

A

between ischial tuberosity and the sacrum

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18
Q

path of attachment of piriformis

A

sacrum through the greater sciatic foramen to attach to the greater trochanter of the femur

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19
Q

path of attachment of obturator internus

A

obturator membrane of obturator foramen through the lesser sciatic forament to attach to the gerater trochanter

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20
Q

what muscles make up the lateral walls of the pelvic wall

A

piriformis and obturator internus

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21
Q

where does the obturator canal pass

A

through the obturator membrane and obturator internus

22
Q

list UG diaphragm layers from superficial to deep

A
  1. superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia)
  2. superficial perineal space
  3. interior fascia of UG diaphragm (perineal membrane)
  4. deep perineal space
  5. superior fascia of UG diaphragm
  6. pelvic floor muscles
23
Q

what muscles make up the levator ani?

A
  1. pubococcygeus
  2. puborectalis
  3. iliococcygeus
24
Q

what muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm

A
  1. Levator ani
  2. coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

+their fascial coverings

25
Q

what innervates the pelvic diaphragm?

A

pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

26
Q

functions of the perineum

A

contain and support pelvic viscera and anchor the roots of the external genitalia

27
Q

what pelvic viscera does the perineum support

A

bladder, rectum, anal canal, reproductive organs

28
Q

where does the rectal triangle and urogenital triangle divide in the perineum

A

at the level of the perineal body

29
Q

what are the four corners of the perineum diamone

A

pubic symphysis anteriorly, coccyx posteriorly, ischial tuberosities laterally

30
Q

where does the coccygeus attach

A

sacrum and ischial spine, superior to the iliococcygeus muscle of levator ani, on top of the sacrospinous ligament

31
Q

components of the pelvic floor

A
  1. pelvic diaphgram
  2. perineal membrane and UG diaphragm
32
Q

space between rectum and uterus

A

rectouterine pouch

33
Q

space between pubic symphysis and bladder

A

retropubic space

34
Q

what space is between the bladder and rectum in men

A

pelvirectal space

35
Q

what muscles are contained in the superficial space/pouch?

A
  1. ischiocavernosus
  2. bulbospongiosus
  3. superficial transverse perineal muscle
36
Q

what erectile tissue/glands are found in the superficial space/pouch?

A
  1. crus of clitoris/penis
  2. bulb of vestibule/penis
  3. greater vestibular gland (females only)
  4. perineal membrane
37
Q

what is contained in the deep perineal space?

A
  1. deep transverse perineal muscle
  2. external urethral sphincter/sphincter urethrae
38
Q

what muscles are found in the deep perineal space that are in females only

A
  1. compressor urethrae
  2. sphincter urethrovaginalis
39
Q

what muscles are under somatic control?

A

levator ani, external urethral sphincter

40
Q

what structures converge at the perineal body?

A
  1. UG diaphragm muscles
  2. external anal sphincter
  3. fibers of levator ani
41
Q

what muscles in the superficial space converge at the perineal body

A
  1. superficial transverse perineal
  2. bulbospongiosus
42
Q

what muscles in the deep space converge at the perineal body

A
  1. external urethral sphincter
  2. deep transverse perineal
43
Q

what muscle is important for urinary continence?

A

specifically, the external urethral sphincter - under somatic control

44
Q

what erectile tissue/gland is found in the deep space

A

bulbourethral glands in the MALE only

45
Q

describe colle’s fascia

A

it is a continuation of scarpa’s fascia of the abdomen, and is fused to the posterior margin of the perineal membrane

46
Q

describe the consequence of urethral injury in males

A

urine or blood or infection can accumulate deep to colle’s fascia in the superficial perineal space

47
Q

what urethral injury may be seen in a pelvic fracture?

A

posterior urethral injury to the membranous urethra, may cause urine to leak into retropubic space

48
Q

what urethral injury may be seen in a perineal straddle injury

A

anterior urethral injury of the bulbar/spongy urethra, casuing blood accumulation in the scrotum, and if Buck’s fascia is torn urine fills perineal space

49
Q

presentation of a perineal straddle injury

A

blood at uretheral meatus and scrotal hematoma

50
Q

presentation of pelvic fracture that caused posterior urethral injury

A

blood at urethral meatus and high riding prostate

MGA (27 decks)

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