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MGA > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What action does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

excessive hyperextension of the spine

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2
Q

where are the interspinous ligaments located?

A

BETWEEN adjacent spinous processes

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3
Q
A

axis C2

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4
Q

What does the major segmental artery specifically provide nutrients for?

A

vertebral body, vertebral arch (bones)

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5
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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6
Q

What property is unique of the atlas bone?

A

there is no spinous process, and no vertebral body

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7
Q

What is unique about the internal and external vertebral venous plexus and why is it clinically significant?

A

there are no valves, and they are linked together (anastomose). this increases the risk of allowing the spread of malignant disease and sepsis.

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8
Q

What is the strength of posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

weak, narrow and thinner (than anterior longitudinal)

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9
Q

What portion of the intervertebral disc “leaks” during a herniation?

A

nucleus pulposus

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10
Q

Where is the interspinous ligament connected?

A

between adjacent spinous processes

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11
Q

Where do 95% of disc herniations occur and why?

A

L4-L5 or L5-S1, larger intervertebral discs with greater movements

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12
Q

3 specific venous plexus’ of the spinal veins?

A

internal vertebral venous plexus, external vertebral venous plexus (anterior and posterior)

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13
Q

Which curves of the back are primary curves?

A

kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine and kyphotic curve of the sacrum

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14
Q

What action does the supraspinous ligament limit?

A

flexion of spine/neck

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15
Q

How far does the supraspinous ligament run down the spine?

A

runs the length of the vertebral column

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16
Q

how many coccygeal segments?

A

4

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17
Q
A

atlas C1

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18
Q

What spinal ligaments could be damaged due to extreme hyperflexion of the spine?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament, interspinous ligaments (could be due to facet jumping of cervical vertebrae)

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19
Q

Continuous Ligaments of the Spine (3)

A

Supraspinous Ligament, Posterior Longitudinal Ligament, Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

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20
Q

where is the posterior longitudinal ligament located?

A

posterior surface of vertebral bodies (in the vertebral canal)

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21
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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22
Q

Which specific vein drains the vertebral bodies and where does it drain?

A

basivertebral vein drains into internal and external vertebral venous plexus’

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23
Q

What comprises the atlanto occipital joint?

A

occipital condyles and the superior articular facets

24
Q

What is the main intervertebral joint (posterior articulation)?

A

zygapophysial joints, 1 vertebra participates in 2 zygapophysial joints, superior and inferior.

25
Q

What forms the nuchal ligament in the cervical spine?

A

supraspinous ligament

26
Q

Which component of the intervertebral disc is tough and thick?

A

annulus fibrosus

27
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament located?

A

anterior surface of vertebral bodies

28
Q

What action does the ligamentum flavum limit?

A

flexion

29
Q

How far does the anterior longitudinal ligament stretch?

A

occipital bone to sacrum

30
Q

What does the supraspinous ligament connect?

A

tips of the spinous processes in thoracic and lumbar spines

31
Q

What action does the posterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

A

limits hyperflexion

32
Q

Which 5 broad areas do the major segmental arteries supply?

A

posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar, and sacral

33
Q

which component of the intervertebral disc is jelly-like?

A

nucleus pulposus

34
Q

How does the vertebral artery wind through the cervical spine?

A

enters the transverse foramen at C6, ascends through each transverse foramen from C6 to C1, and travels across the posterior arch of the atlas (C1) to enter the foramen magnum

35
Q

Discontinuous Ligaments of the Spine (2)

A

Ligamentum Flavum, Interspinous Ligament

36
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

37
Q

What spinal ligaments could be damaged due to extreme hyperextension of the spine?

A

the anterior longitudinal ligament

38
Q

What is the strength of anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

strong and broad

39
Q

What property is unique of the axis bone?

A

has Dens that articulates with the facet for dens on the anterior arch of the atlas, HAS a vertebral body AND spinous process

40
Q

how many (fused) sacral vertebrae?

A

5

41
Q

which curves of the back are secondary curves?

A

lordotic curve of the cervical spine, lordotic curve of the lumbar spine

42
Q

What does the radicular/segmental medullary branch of the segmental artery supply nutrients to? (2)

A

nervous tissue: spinal roots and spinal cord

43
Q

What is the clinical significance of the location of the zygapophyseal joints?

A

since the joint is proximal to the intervertebral foramina, if this joint is injured or develops osteoarthritis, it could affect spinal nerves

44
Q

What actions do the atlanto axial joint allow?

A

rotation of the head in the transverse plane (“no” motion)

45
Q

What is characteristic about ligamentum flavum?

A

it is yellow colored

46
Q

How far does the posterior longitudinal ligament stretch”

A

C2 to sacrum

47
Q
A

thoracic vertebra

48
Q

What actions does the atlanto occipital joint allow?

A

flexion/extension of the head

49
Q

Where is the supraspinous ligament located?

A

posteriorly to spinous processes, attaches the tips of spinous processes

50
Q

What does the spinal branch of the segmental artery supply nutrients to? (4)

A

bone, periosteum, ligaments, meninges

51
Q

which conditions could cause lordosis of the lumbar spine?

A

pregnancy, obesity

52
Q

Where are the ligamentum flavum located?

A

between laminae of adjacent vertebrae

53
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum attached to?

A

connects lamina

54
Q

Which conditions could cause EXCESSIVE kyphosis of the thoracic spine?

A

spinal osteoporosis

55
Q

What action does the interspinous ligament limit?

A

flexion

MGA (27 decks)

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