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MGA > Posterior Wall Abdomen/Urinary > Flashcards

Posterior Wall Abdomen/Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cortex of the adrenal gland secrete

A

corticoids - mineralo, gluco, gonado

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2
Q

what does the medulla of the adrenal gland secret

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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3
Q

what cells secrete epi and norepi

A

chromaffin cells

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4
Q

shape of right adrenal gland

A

pyramidal

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5
Q

shape of left adrenal gland

A

semilunar

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6
Q

blood supply to the adrenal glands

A
  1. superior suprarenal arteries from the inferior phrenic artery
  2. middle suprarenal artery from the aorta
  3. inferior suprarenal artery from the renal artery
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7
Q

venous supply to adrenal glands

A
  1. right suprarenal vein straight from aorta

2. left suprarenal vein from left renal vein

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8
Q

2 nutcracker phenomenons

A
  1. SMA crosses the left renal vein, aorta behind

2. SMA crosses the 3rd part of duod, aorta behind

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9
Q

what blood supply does the IVC recieve?

A

lower limbs, posterior abdominal wall, kidneys, suprarenal glands NOT GUT OR LIVER

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10
Q

formation of IVC

A

union of common iliac v at L5

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11
Q

nerves of the lumbar plexus

A

ventral rami from L1-L4

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12
Q

what do paraoartic nodes drain?

A

all abdominal structures and receive lower limb vessel drainage

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13
Q

what do preaortic nodes drain?

A

GI tract

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14
Q

trace lymph flow in abdomen

A

lower limb vessels and abdominal structures->paraoartic nodes and GI tract->preaortic nodes –> both drain upward into thoracic duct

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15
Q

location of lumbar plexus

A

under posas major

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16
Q

nerve root of iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

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17
Q

nerve root ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

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18
Q

nerve root genitofemoral n

A

L1-L2

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19
Q

nerve root lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2-L3

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20
Q

nerve root femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

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21
Q

nerve root obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

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22
Q

location iliohypogastric nerve

A

between transversus abdominus and internal abdominal oblique across quadratus lumborum

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23
Q

location ilioinguinal nerve

A

IS A BRANCH OF ILIOHYPOGASTRIC between transversus abd and internal ab obliques, travels in inguinal canal through superficial inguinal ring

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24
Q

innvervation of ilioinguinal nerve

A
  1. labia majora
  2. anterior scrotum
  3. superficial groin area
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25
Q

innervation of genitofemoral n

A
  1. testes
  2. labia majora
  3. femoral branches supply anterior thigh
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26
Q

location genitofemoral n

A

punches through psoas major, travels along anterior surface, runs through entire inguinal canal through deep and superficial rings

27
Q

location lat fem cutaneous

A

across iliacus, under inguinal ligament medial to ASIS

28
Q

location obturator n

A

medial to psoas, into pelvis, leaves via obturator foramen

29
Q

bony elements of posterior abdominal wall

A
  1. bodies of vertebrae L1-L5
  2. ribs 11 and 12
  3. iliac fossae (ilia) of os coxae
30
Q

origin psoas major

A

lateral surface of T12-L5 vertebra

31
Q

insertion psoas major

A

lesser trochanter

32
Q

innervation psoas major

A

ventral rami of L1-L3

33
Q

origin iliacus

A

iliac fossa, lateral aspect of sacrum

34
Q

insertion iliacus

A

lesser trochanter

35
Q

innervation iliacus

A

femoral nerve

36
Q

origin quadratus lumborum

A

iliac crest

37
Q

insertion quadratus lumborum

A

12th rib, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

38
Q

innervation quadratus lumborum

A

ventral rami T12-L4

39
Q

major hip flexors in abdomen

A

psoas major and iliacus

40
Q

function of quadratus lumborum

A

lateral flexion, trunk support

41
Q

location aortic hiatus

42
Q

location esophageal hiatus

43
Q

location caval hiatus

44
Q

structures in aortic hiatus

A
  1. aorta
  2. thoracic duct
  3. azygos vein
45
Q

structures in esophageal hiatus

A
  1. esophagus

2. vagus trunks

46
Q

structures in caval hiatus

A
  1. IVC

2. right and left phrenic nerves

47
Q

what pass with the diaphragmatic crura?

A

splanchnic nerves and hemiazygos veins

48
Q

what structure is posterior to medial arcuate ligament?

A

sympathetic trunk, psoas major

49
Q

structure posterior to lateral arcuate ligament

A

12th rib, quadratus lumborum

50
Q

where do the diaphragmatic crura attach

A

vertebral bodies of L1-L3

51
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A
  1. suprarenal glands
  2. aorta and IVC
  3. 2nd and 4th portions of duodenum
  4. pancreas except tail
  5. ureters
  6. ascending and descending colon
  7. kidneys
  8. esophagus
  9. rectum
52
Q

what organs/structures lie on top of right kidney

A
  1. suprarenal gland
  2. liver
  3. duodenum
  4. hepatic flexure
  5. small intestine
53
Q

what organs lie on top of left kidney

A
  1. suprarenal gland
  2. stomach
  3. pancreas
  4. splenic flexure
  5. descending colon
  6. spleen
  7. jejunum
54
Q

where is the level of the left kidney

55
Q

where is the level of the right kidney

56
Q

what surrounds the kidney?

A

perirenal/perinephric fat, enclosed in renal fascia, surrounded by more pararenal fat

57
Q

describe space near kidney

A

there is a potential space between the right kidney and liver that should not be fluid filled, but in ascites, fluid may build up here

58
Q

describe flow of urine through kidney structures

A

enters glomerulus/renal corpuscle, flows to proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting duct to renal papilla to minor calyx to major calyx, to renal pelvis, to ureter to bladder

59
Q

what structures are in the cortex of the kidney

A

glomerulus and tubules

60
Q

what structures are in the medulla of the kidney

A

collecting ducts and loop of henle

61
Q

describe location of vasculature in kidney

A

vein, artery, ureter

62
Q

3 points of narrowing of ureters

A
  1. ureteropelvic junction
  2. pelvic inlet - crossing common iliac arteries
  3. entrance into bladder
63
Q

blood supply to ureters

A
  1. renal arteries from aorta
  2. branches from abd aorta
  3. branches from gonadal arteries
  4. branches from common iliac arteries
  5. branches from internal iliac arteries

MGA (27 decks)

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