Summary of some subject material Flashcards
What are the characteristics of mosses?
Nonvascular
Seedless (spore reproduction)
Low growing
Bryophytes
Can survive without water by entering dormant stage
No true leaves
Rhizoids anchor mosses in the same way roots do
Require water for fertilization
Cuticle on aerial parts to prevent desiccation
What is the life cycle of the moss like?
1) Dominant form of a moss is gametophyte
2) Gametophyte produces gametes
3) Sporophyte is formed at the top of the gametophyte and produces spores
4) Capsule at the top of the sporophyte produces spores
5) Mature capsules open and release spores due to the effect of wind (all spores are identical)
5) spores germinate into gametophyte
What organ in moss produces egg?
archegonium
What produces sperm in moss?
antheridium
How do sperm swim to egg in mosses?
They swim through water following a chemical trail released by the egg
How do mosses reproduce asexually?
small pieces break off and become new plant
Small buds called gemmae can break off to form a new plant
What are the characteristics of ferns?
Largest group of seedless vascular plants
Grow in moist places
Goes through alteration of generations
Sporophyte dominance
Fern gametophytes are small, flat plants anchored to soil by root-like rhizoids
antheridia and archegonia are on the underside of fern gametophytes
What are spore cases under fern leaves called?
sori
What feature do mosses and ferns share in relation to reproduction?
they are homosporous. I.e single type of spore is formed
What are fronds?
group of leaves on ferns
How do new fronds form?
From rhizomes underground. They consist if stipe (stem) and pinnae
Do ferns have vascular tissue?
Yes
What do immature fronds look like?
They are coiled
