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Plant Diversity > Lecture 2 DA > Flashcards

Lecture 2 DA Flashcards

1
Q

What are streptophytes?

A

Collective group that are closest relatives to land plants.

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2
Q

What are embryophytes, and what are they a subgroup of?

A

Group that has a protected embryo. Subgroup of streptophytes.

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3
Q

Why are embryophytes important?

A

They have a significant evolutionary advantage over aquatic plants.

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4
Q

What are tracheophytes?

A

Vascular plants with a plumbing system.

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5
Q

What dominates plant life?

A

Flowering plants, gymnosperms.

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6
Q

What can reproduction in plants be considered?

A

Dihaplontic.

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7
Q

What is a dihaplontic cycle?

A

Multicellular haploid phase, and multicellular diploid phase.

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8
Q

What cell organisation do plant gametophytes have?

A

Multicellular.

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9
Q

How do plants produce gametes?

A

By mitosis, via gametophytes.

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10
Q

What are sporophytes, and how do they develop?

A

Gametes produced by gametophytes fertilise and develop into sporophytes.

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11
Q

What do sporophytes do?

A

Produce spores by meiosis.

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12
Q

What cell organisation do spores have?

A

Single-celled.

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13
Q

What is a male gametophyte?

A

Pollen grain.

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14
Q

What happens when a spore germinates?

A

Develops into a gametophyte, multicellular.

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15
Q

Over time, what happened to the usage of gametophytes and sporophytes in plant lifecycles?

A

Progressive reduction in gametophyte production, and an increase in sporophytes.

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16
Q

Are moss embryophytes?

A

Yes

17
Q

Where is the zygote of moss found?

A

In the gametophyte.

18
Q

Is a moss zygote released to form a spore?

A

No, it develops into a spore within the gametophyte.

19
Q

When are moss spores released, and what structure do they have to aid them?

A

Released when dry, and have a waxy coating to prevent maceration.

20
Q

What happens when moss spores mature?

A

Germinate into a gametophyte by meiosis, either male or female.

21
Q

What is a male moss gametophyte called? What about female?

A

Male - antheridia

Female - Archegonia

22
Q

Are mosses mono or diecious? What does this mean in terms of gametophyte production?

A

Monoecious, both gametophyte genders can be on the same plant.

23
Q

What does sperm need to reach the egg?

A

Water.

24
Q

Do bryophytes have true roots and leaves?

A

No, they have false ones.

25
Q

What are bryophyte roots and leaves called?

A

Leaves - microfils

Roots - rhizoids

26
Q

Why are bryophyte roots false?

A

They anchor but do not absorb.

27
Q

Can bryophytes reproduce asexually?

A

Yes.

28
Q

What are gemmae and thalluses?

A

Involved in asexual reproduction in bryophytes.

Gemmae cups are produced, and water splashes in, ejecting structures that germinate into thalluses.

29
Q

Are bryophytes vascular?

A

No vascular tissue.

30
Q

Do bryophytes have cuticles? Can they survive dehydration?

A

They have no cuticle, and can survive 80% dessication.

31
Q

How do bryophytes disperse?

A

Spores.

32
Q

Do bryophytes have lignin?

A

No.

33
Q

What structure do moss, liverwort and hornwort have?

A

Moss - leafy
Liverwort - leafy or thallus
Hornwort - thallus

34
Q

What cell organisation do rhizoids have in modd, liverwort and hornwort?

A

Moss - multicellular

Liver+hornwort - unicellular

35
Q

What position are microfils in moss, liverwort and hornwort?

A

Moss - prostrate or upright

Liver+hornwort - prostrate

36
Q

What are stele cells? What has them?

A

Vascular like cells, but not true vascular cells, arranged in rows. Leafy liverwort can have them.

37
Q

What is the seta/stalk of sporophytes in moss, liverwort and hornwort like?

A

Moss - wiry

Liver+hornwort - soft

38
Q

What is the growth rate of sporophyte seta/stalk in moss, liverwort and hornwort like?

A

Moss - gradual

Liver+hornwort - rapid

Plant Diversity (18 decks)

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