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Plant Diversity > Lecture 4 DA > Flashcards

Lecture 4 DA Flashcards

1
Q

Do gymnosperms require water for their sperm to reach the egg?

A

No.

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2
Q

Do gymosperms produce fruit? What are their seeds like?

A

They dont produce fruit, their seeds are naked.

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3
Q

What are fruit?

A

An ovary.

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4
Q

What surrounds the megasporangium of gymnosperms?

A

Integument.

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5
Q

Where does the megaspore of gymnosperm megasporangia develop?

A

In situ, within the seed.

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6
Q

Do the walls of gymnosperm megasporangia dihesce? What purpose does it serve?

A

It doesnt dihesce.

Is nutritive, nucellus.

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7
Q

What is the micropile? What develops here?

A

It is the recceptive tip of the megasporangia in gymnosperms.
When a pollen lands here on the integument, it develops into a pollen tube to the egg.

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8
Q

What do gymnosperms produce characteristically?

A

Cones.

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9
Q

What are strobili?

A

Reproductive organs on a cone.
Male - pollen, microsporangia
Female - ovule, megasporangia

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10
Q

Are microsporangia and megasporangia found on the same cone?

A

No, there are male and female cones.

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11
Q

Versus ferns, how do gymnosperms do reproductively, and why (6)?

A 
Theyre more successful, but take a longer time. 
-They dont need water for sperm to reach the egg. 
-The seed can survive harsh conditions.
-Has developed roots/leaves.
Sunken stomata.
-Has developed vasculature.
-Uses resin to fight bacteria and fungi.
-Has glaucous structures.
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12
Q

What are the three divisions of gymnosperms?

A

Coniferopsida - conifers
Cycadopsida - palm like trees
Gnetopsida - vessels and flowering like plants

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13
Q

What is used to classify gymnosperms into divisions?

A

Their reproductive organs generally decide which division.

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14
Q

What is the wood of coniferopsida like?

A

Has growth rings, and cambial layers, made of cambium to make wood.

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15
Q

What produces secondary xylem in coniferopsida, and in which region?

A

Cambial layer, in the meristematic region.

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16
Q

Are xylem found towards the centre or periphery?

A

Centre. Phloem are along the periphery.

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17
Q

What is true wood made of?

A

Secondary xylem.

18
Q

What can be found in the outer periphery of coniferopsida aside from phloem? Can it be found in other gymnosperms?

A

Resin canals. Unique to coniferopsida.

19
Q

Can gymnosperms produce fruit?

A

No, but they ca produce false fruits. True fruits are an outgrowth of the ovary wall, while gymnosperms produce fleshy cones.

20
Q

What is special about ginkgoales?

A

TheMonotypic - one genus, one species.

21
Q

Are cycadopsida true palms?

A

No, palms are angiosperms.

22
Q

Are cycadopsida diecious?

A

Yes.

23
Q

What are cycadales? What do they produce?

A

Order in cycadopsida. Produce toxic alkaloids.

24
Q

What is special about the wood of gnetopsida?

A

Has vessels like angiosperms.

25
Q

Are the leaves of gnetopsida veined?

A

No.

26
Q

What are the genera of gnetopsida?

A

Ephedra
Gnetum
Welswitchia

27
Q

What does the welswitchia resemble?

A

Fossils of plants from 200m years ago.

28
Q

Is the sporophyte of gymnosperms dominant?

A

Yes.

29
Q

What can be found in gymnosperm xylem?

A

Tracheids.

30
Q

What are long and dwarf shoots, and which tree are they found in?

A

Found in pines.
Long shoots - unlimited growth.
Dwarf shoots - limited growth, few foilage, sclae-like leaves.

31
Q

Are gymnoserms heterosporous?

A

Yes.

32
Q

What is the sporophyte of gymnosperms like?

A

Large vascular plant, like a bush.

33
Q

What is made within male and female cones?

A

Micro or megaspres respectively.

34
Q

When a male cone is made, what does it replace?

A

A dwarf shoot.

35
Q

What are the scales of male and female cones called?

A

Male - microsporophylls

Female - megasporophylls

36
Q

What can be found on each microsporophyll of male cones?

A

Each has 2 pollen sacs, which are the microsporangia.

37
Q

What do pollen sacs do (4)?

A

Undergo cellular differentiation to produce prothallial cells, 2 wings, 1 tube nucleus, and 2 sperm nuclei.

38
Q

When a female cone is made, what does it replace?

A

A long shoot.

39
Q

What can be found on each megasporophyll of female cones?

A

2 ovules.

40
Q

Which species of conifers are used as farm shade in southeastern Australia?

A

fuck off

Plant Diversity (18 decks)

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