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Plant Diversity > Lecture 1 DA Algae > Flashcards

Lecture 1 DA Algae Flashcards

1
Q

Where did plants originate from?

A

Water.

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2
Q

Do non-plant life have chlorophyll?

A

Yes.

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3
Q

Are all plants involved in photosynthesis?

A

Yes.

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4
Q

What did most land plants evolve from?

A

Ancestral green algae.

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5
Q

What did most marine plants evolve from?

A

Ancestral red algae.

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6
Q

Are green algae multyi-cellular?

A

Yes.

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7
Q

Are cyanobacteria considered to be plants?

A

No, theyre classified as bacteria.

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8
Q

What is the colour of plants based on the depth of water?

A

Green at the surface, and towards brown and red as you go deeper.

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9
Q

What are the three sailinity types and their concentrations?

A

Fresh - 0ppm
Brackish - 0.5-30ppm
Sea - 30-50ppm

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10
Q

What are the 5 types of classification for algae?

A 
Pigment
Chloroplast structure
Food storage
Cell wall composition
Flagellation
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11
Q

What is the strongest wavelength?

A

Green

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12
Q

What is the most common phytoplankton?

A

Diatom/bacillariophyta

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13
Q

What is the architecture of datoms?

A

Unicellular or colonial

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14
Q

Are diatoms motile?

A

No.

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15
Q

What types of raphe do diatoms have, and which is best for floating?

A

Centric or pennate

Centric is best for floating

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16
Q

Why can diatoms be used as an indicator for fresh water (2)?

A

They have pH sensitivity, and sink with poor nutrient conditions.

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17
Q

Do diatoms produce toxins?

A

Some do

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18
Q

How do diatoms reproduce?

A

Asexually

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19
Q

What are diatoms encased in?

A

Frustule

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20
Q

What colour are chrysophyra?

A

golden

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21
Q

What salinity can chrysophyta live in and are they motile?

A

Mostly fresh water.

Can be both motile or non-motile.

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22
Q

How can chrysophyta be used as a clean water indicator?

A

They grow better in clean water and bloom with high nutrients.

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23
Q

How do chrysophyta reproduce?

A

Asexually

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24
Q

What is the architecture of chrysophyta?

A

Unicellular, colonial and siphonous (hollow tubular colony)

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25
Q

Are green algae always green?

A

No, some have other pigments

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26
Q

What are the three main classes of green algae?

A

Chlorophyceae
Ulvophyceae
Charophyceae

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27
Q

Are green algae motile?

A

Only with flagella

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28
Q

What is the architecture of green algae?

A

Colonial or unicellular

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29
Q

What class do desmids fall under (green algae)?

A

Charophyceae

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30
Q

How can charophyceae be used as a fresh water indicator?

A

They have reduced numbers in dirty water.

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31
Q

What is the structure of green algae?

A

2 filamentous forms, branched and unbranched
Basal filaments hold upright filaments, which also branch
Can also be siphonous - hollow tubes, have large ends called utricles

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32
Q

In green algae reproduction, which is larger, male or females?

A

Females

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33
Q

What is the importance of chlorophytes (3)?

A

Food source
Coral reefs
Pollution indicators

34
Q

What do cyanobacteria produce for nitrogen fixation?

A

Heterocysts

35
Q

Are cyanobacteria motile?

A

Yes, they are motile by gliding

36
Q

What is the structure of cyanobacteria?

A

Filamentous with a gelatinous sheath.

37
Q

What is the food product of cyanobacteria?

A

Glycogen

38
Q

In what environment do cyanobacteria thrive in?

A

Nitrogen-rich

39
Q

Are cyanobacteria colonial or unicellular?

A

Can be both

40
Q

How are cyanobacteria classified?

A

Branched and unbranched

Can also have true and false branching

41
Q

What is characterisic of a cyanobacteria bloom (4)?

A

Is oily and doesn’t allow light to penetrate, killing what’s below
Also produces toxins
Has a bad odour

42
Q

How many flagella do dinoflagellata have?

A

2, one is hidden inside

43
Q

What are the primary producers of coral reefs, and why?

A

Dinoflagellates, they produce glycerol necessary for coral reef formation.

44
Q

Do dinoflagellata exhibit bioluminescence?

A

Yes, via luciferase

45
Q

Are euglenophyta colonial or unicellular?

A

Mostly unicellular

46
Q

What water type do euglenophyta live in?

A

Mostly fresh water

47
Q

How do euglenophyta reproduce?

A

Asexually

48
Q

True or false

Euglenophyta are not phagocytic

A

False

49
Q

Are euglenophyta motile?

A

Yes

50
Q

How do euglenophyta move towards light?

A

An eyespot.

51
Q

What is a lorica?

A

A protective sheath on euglenophyta

52
Q

How can euglenophyta be used as an environmental marker?

A

They thrive in polluted areas.

53
Q

What colour are phaeophyta?

A

Brown

54
Q

Do all phaeophyta float?

A

No, some can be filamentous or siphonous

55
Q

What is the purpose of floating?

A

Allows better light access

56
Q

What is characteristic of phaeophyta?

A

They have an air filled bladder

57
Q

Where is alginic acid for agar gel use derived from?

A

Phaeophyta cell wall

58
Q

How many cell cycles do phaeophyta have?

A

2, sporic meiosis and another with fucus

59
Q

Describe sporic meiosis.

A

Has an equal number of males and female gametes, and are equal sizes.

60
Q

Describe phaeophyta fucal reproduction.

A

Cant see the reproductive organ, male and female gametes are produced in a receptacle

61
Q

What colour are rhodophyta?

A

Red

62
Q

Where are rhodophyta found?

A

Deeper in the ocean

63
Q

What does rhodophyta store?

A

A starch compound similar to amylopectin

64
Q

What are the three zones created by tidal movement?

A
  • Littorial - above tidal zone, gets sprays, not submerged but is moist.
  • Eulittorial - low/high tide mark, exposed during low tide.
  • Sublittorial - below low tide, no exposure, always submerged.
65
Q

What effect does the sun have on algae morphology?

A

Makes the colour of algae depth dependent

66
Q

How does pH affect algae?

A

pH affects photosynthesis.

CaCO3 can precipitate at higher temperatures, changing the H+ levels and affecting photosynthesis.

67
Q

What is the pH of open water?

A

~8.2

68
Q

What is the pH of rock pools?

A

> 9

69
Q

What can be used as a high acidity indicator?

A

High filamentous algae levels

70
Q

What can be used as an indicator for acidity due to chemicals/acid rain?

A

Low planktonic algae levels

71
Q

Regarding the presence of algae, what happens with a pH of

A

Most algae and diatoms disappear

72
Q

Which algae blooms with a low N:P ratio?

A

Cyanobacteria

73
Q

Which algae blooms with a high N:P ratio?

A

Green flagellate/diatoms

74
Q

What pigments do diatoms/baccilariophyta contain (4)?

A
  • Chlorophylls a + c (c1+c2)

- Fucoxanthin (carotenoid)

75
Q

What pigments do chrysophyta contain (4)?

A
  • Chlorophylls a + c (c1+c2)

- Fucoxanthin (carotenoid)

76
Q

What pigments do chlorophyta contain (2)?

A

Chlorophyll a and b

Note - Not all are green, some have carotenoids and xanthophyll

77
Q

What pigments do cyanobacteria contain (3)?

A
  • Chlorophyll a
  • Phycobillin (2)
  • -Phycocyanin-blue
  • -Phycoerythrin
78
Q

What pigments do dinoflagellata contain (3)?

A
  • Chlorophylls a+c2

- Peridinin (carotenoid)

79
Q

What pigments do euglenophyta contain (3)?

A
  • Chlorophylls a+b

- Carotenoids

80
Q

What pigments do phaeophyta contain (4)?

A
  • Chlorophylls a+c (c1+c2)

- Fucoxanthin (carotenoid)

81
Q

What pigments do rhodophyta contain (4)?

A
  • Chlorophyll a
  • Carotenoids
  • Phycobilins
  • -R-phycoerythrin
  • -R-phycocyanin

Plant Diversity (18 decks)

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