SUGER: Fine-tuning

Question 1

Describe how the renal buffer system takes place in the PCT

Answer 1

Look in book

H+ is excreted in the blood via H+/Na+ counter-transport

HCO3- is secreted into the blood via HCO3-/Cl- countertransporter

Question 2

Describe how the renal buffer system takes place at the DCT

Answer 2

Look in book

H+ is now counter-exchanged with K+ ions here

A intercalated cells excrete H+ ions into the renal tubules

B intercalated cells excrete HCO3- ions into the renal tubules

H+ are re-absorbed by B intercalated cells via a H+/Na+ and H+/K+ countertransport

Question 3

Which intercalated cell is needed during metabolic acidosis

Answer 3

Intercalated A cells

Question 4

Which intercalated cell is needed during metabolic alkalosis

Answer 4

Intercalated B cells

Question 5

Where is glucose mainly re-absorbed

Answer 5

PCT

Question 6

How is glucose re-absorbed at the PCT

Answer 6

APICAL - Na+/Glucose counter-transport

BASOLATERAL - GLUT transporters

Question 7

Where is urea mostly re-absorbed at

Answer 7

PCT via passive transport

Question 8

Where is urea secreted into the renal tubules

Answer 8

Loop of Henle

Question 9

Where is urea partially re-absorbed at

Answer 9

Medullary collecting ducts

Question 10

Where is Na+ mainly re-absorbed at

Answer 10

PCT

Question 11

How is Na+ re-absorbed at the thick limb of the loop of henle

Answer 11

Na-K-2Cl symporter pumps

Question 12

How is Na+ re-absorbed at the DCT

Answer 12

Sodium-Chloride symporter

Question 13

How is sodium absorbed at the collecting ducts

Answer 13

Principal cells via aldosterone

Question 14

Where is potassium mostly absorbed

Answer 14

PCT (65%)

Some also at the THICK ascending limb via Na-K-2Cl symporters

Question 15

Role of the suspensory ligament

Answer 15

Carries OVARIAN arteries and veins (cardinal carries uterine artery and veins)