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Phase 1 > IMMS: Week 6 > Flashcards

IMMS: Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How can metabolic acidosis take place

A

Due to excess production of organic acids (usual cause) or reduced levels of HCO3- to buffer H+ ions

Reduced arterial oxygen content

Hypoperfusion

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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2
Q

How can metabolic alkalosis take place

A

Excessive re-absorption of HCO3- ions

Excess H+ secretion at tubules

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3
Q

What cells produce bone and cartilage

A

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts

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4
Q

What fibres do bone and cartilage consist of

A

Collagen and elastic fibres

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5
Q

What is the bone matrix made of

A

GAG

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6
Q

Why are collagen fibres arranged parallel to each other

A

Gives extra strength

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7
Q

What is the role of osteoblasts

A

Synthesise bone

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8
Q

Role of osteoclasts

A

Resorb bone and aid in remodelling

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9
Q

Role of osteocytes

A

Break down bone and aid remodelling bone

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10
Q

What is the first type of bone to be synthesised

A

Woven bone

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11
Q

What happens to woven bone

A

Remodelled to lamellar bone which is lighter and stronger

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12
Q

What two ways can bone formation occur

A

Membrane: Formed directly in a mesenchyme

Endochondral: Formed by replacement of cartilage

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13
Q

Where are osteons found

A

In the compact bone

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14
Q

What is appositional deposition of bone

A

Deposition of bones in layers on external surface of bones

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15
Q

What is stratified epithelia needed for

A

Protective function and composed of many cell layers

It is a WATERPROOF layer

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16
Q

How many layers are there in pseudo stratified epithelia

A

1

Cells are all joined to the basement membrane

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17
Q

What does the epithelia need a basement membrane for

A

Survival

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18
Q

What is the basement membanre made of

A

Type IV collagen and fibronectin

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19
Q

What do fibroblasts secrete

A

Tropocollagen units (pro collagen)

20
Q

When does the embryo become a foetus

A

At the end of week 8

21
Q

What organs start functioning after week 8

A

Kidneys, liver, brain and lungs

22
Q

What is the intramural part of the fallopian tube

A

The part of the tube that crosses the uterine musculature

23
Q

What is the tubal sodium of the fallopian tubes

A

Where the tubal canal meets the peritoneal cavity

24
Q

How long does a typical pregnancy last

A

280 Days after last menstrual period

266 Days after fertilisation

25
When does fertilisation take place
15th day in cycle
26
What is the time period from fertilisation to the end of the 8th week called
Embryonic period
27
What is the time period from the beginning of the 9th week to birth called
Foetal period
28
What happens in the 1st week
Fertilisation and formation of a blastocyst
29
What happens in the second week
Implantation and bilaminar disk
30
What happens in the third week
Gastrulation
31
What happens in the fourth week
Embryo folding (F for folding)
32
What happens during the 5th to the end of the 8th week
Development of organs
33
What is the function of the male reproductive organs
- Produce, maintain and transport the sperm and semen - Discharge sperms within the female reproductive tract - Produce and secrete male sex hormones
34
What are three consequences of fertilisation
1. Restoration of diploid number of chromosomes 2. Determination of chromosomal sex 3. Initiation of cleavage/division of cells
35
How many cells are there in a morula
16
36
What happens to the morula as it enters the uterus on the 3rd or 4th day after fertilisation
Blastocyst formation
37
When does implantation occur
at the end of the first week
38
What does the inner cell mass develop into
Embryo
39
What does the outer cell mass develop into
Trophoblast
40
What two layers does the embryo blast develop into
Epiblast Hypoblast This is the bilaminar disc
41
What does the epiblast give his ego
amnioblasts that line the amniotic cavity
42
What does the hypoblast give rise to
Cells that line the blastocyst cavity and inner surface of the trophoblast
43
What are cells derived from the hypoblast and lining the inner surface of the trophoblast called
Primitive yolk sack
44
What two layers does the extra embryonic mesoderm form
The splanchnic layer Somatic Layer
45
What is the extra embryonic mesoderm responsible for
The formation of blood vessels that will connect the embryo to the placenta
46
What area of the embryo forms endodermal cells
The hypoblast These form a new cavity in the yolk sack
47
What is the cavity produced by endodermal cells called
Secondary yolk sac which replaces the primary

Phase 1 (30 decks)

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