SUGER: Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
What is the aperture in the transversalis fascia called?
A
Deep Inguinal
2
Q
Where is the superficial ring located
A
In the external oblique aponeurosis
3
Q
What happens to the spermatic cord as it passes through the abdominal walls
A
It recieves a covering from three layers of the abdominal wall
4
Q
What does the spermatic cord form in females
A
Round Ligament
5
Q
What nerve is found in the inguinal canal
A
Ilio-Inguinal nerve
6
Q
What structure of the pelvis does the spermatic cord move medial and anterior to
A
Pubic Tubercle
7
Q
What five main structures are found in the testes
A
Testicular (gonadal) arteries Vas Deferens Pampiniform plexus of veins Nerves Lymphatics of the testes
8
Q
Describe the venal route from the pampiniform plexus of veins in the testes
A
They join together to form the testicular vein and then drain into:
Inferior Vena Cava on the right
Left Renal Vein on the left and then onto the inferior vena cava
9
Q
Role of the vas deferens
A
Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
10
Q
Role of the epididymis
A
Connects testicles to vas deferens and stores sperm
11
Q
What are the three coverings of the testes from in to out
A
Inner: Tunica vaginalis
Middle: Tunica Albuginea
Outer: Tunica Vasculosa
12
Q
What separates the two testicles
A
The testicular septum
13
Q
Are dartos muscles voluntary or involuntary
A
Involuntary smooth muscle
14
Q
Where are dartos muscles located
A
JUST under the superficial skin layer
15
Q
Where is the cremaster muscle derived from
A
The internal oblique muscle
16
Q
Where do the Internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscle meet
A
Their aponeurosis join at the conjoint tendon
17
Q
What defines a direct hernia
A
A hernia medial to the inferior epigastric artery
18
Q
What defines an indirect hernia
A
A hernia lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
19
Q
Where does the testicular artery branch off from
A
Aorta at L2
20
Q
Where does the cremasteric artery branch from
A
Inferior epigastric artery
21
Q
Function of the ilio-inguinal nerve
A
Supplies skin sensation to the anterior 1/3 of the external genitalia
22
Q
Function of the genitofemoral nerve
A
Supplies the cremaster muscle
23
Q
Function of sympathetic nerves
A
Supplies vas and testicular pain
24
Q
What two structures pass through the inguinal canal of females
A
Round ligament
Ilioinguinal nerve
25
What is the corpora cavernosum and corpora spongiosum supplied by (arterial supply)
Cavernosum:
Deep arteries of the penis
Spongiosum:
Dorsal artery of penis
Both are branches of the internal PEUDENDAL artery
26
What is the venous drainage of the penis
Internal peudendal veins
27
Where is the urethra located
Corpus spongiosum
28
Are kidneys retro or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
29
Where do the kidneys extend
From T12 to L3
30
Where are the adrenal glands located
Above the kidneys
31
What is contained within the renal fascia
Adrenal Glands
| Kidneys
32
What is the advantage of the renal capsule being fibrous
Prevents the spread of cancer
33
Role of the renal hilum
Acts as a gateway to the kidney
34
What lies anterior to the right kidney
Liver, duodenum and coils of the intestines
35
What lies anterior to the left kidney
Stomach, spleen, pancreas and coils of the intestines
36
What shape are the adrenal glands
Right: Tetrahedral shaped
Left: Crescent-shaped
37
Where does the left adrenal gland lie behind
Stomach and pancreas
38
Where does the right adrenal gland lie behind
Liver and inferior vena cava
39
How many arteries and veins supply each gland
Three arteries
| One vein
40
What arcuate ligament is unpaired
The median arcuate ligament
41
What branch of the genitofemoral nerve supplies the cremaster muscle
The genital branch
42
What does the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply
Skin sensation to upper anterior thighs
43
Which arcuate ligament arcs over the quadrates lumborum
Lateral Arcuate Ligament
44
Which arcuate ligament arcs over the posts major muscles
Medial arcuate ligament
45
Define a polar artery
Some people have two renal arteries to one kidney, one large and one smaller, inferior to the larger - polar artery
46
Where can the pelvis of the kidney be located
L2-L3
47
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve supply
skin sensation over the lateral thigh
48
What part of the lumbar plexus does the iliohypogastric nerve branch off at
T12 and L1
49
What part of the lumbar plexus does the ilioinguinal nerve branch off at
T12 and L1
50
What part of the lumbar plexus does the genitofemoral nerve branch off at
L1 and L2
51
What part of the lumbar plexus does the lateral cutaneous nerve branch off at
L2 and L3
52
What part of the lumbar plexus does the femoral nerve branch off at
L2,L3,L4
53
What part of the lumbar plexus does the obturator branch off at
L2,3,4
54
What hole does the obturator pass through at the hip bone
Obturator foramen
55
What are the two pouches found in females
Recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)
| Uterovesical pouch
56
What is the pouch found in males called
Recto-vesical pouch
57
What is the mucous in the bladder arranged as
Rugae
58
What artery do the ureters pass over
Left and right common iliac arteries
59
What passes over the ureter in males
Vas Deferens
60
What passes over the ureter in females
Uterine Artery
61
Why is the uterus known as the secondary sex organ
Because these are parts that mature during puberty in the influence of sex hormones
62
What are the sex hormones in females and males
Ovaries
| Testes
63
What is the role of the uterus
Transport and maintenance of gametes
64
Where does implantation of the blastocyst take place
Body
65
What is the role of the cervic
Links the uterus to the vagina
66
What is odd about the junction between the body and cervix
It can either be bent forwards (ante-flexed) or slightly backwards (retro-flexed)
67
What are the two communications of the cervical canal
Internal Os - Communicates with uterine cavity
External Os - Communicates with vagina
68
What two structures stabilise the position of the cervix
Levator ani muscles
| Cervical Ligaments
69
Where are cervical ligaments derived from
Pelvic Fascia
70
Where are the vaginal fornices found
Lower part of the cervix
71
What can affect the position of the uterus
Bladder
72
What is the broad ligament
Double layer of peritoneum
73
Role of the broad ligament
Attaches sides of uterus to pelvis
74
Role of the round ligament
Maintains anteverted position of the uterus
75
Role of the ovarian Ligament
Joins ovaries to the uterus
76
Role of the cardinal ligament
Contains uterine artery and vein
77
Role of uterosacral ligament
Supports the uterus
78
Describe the branching of the iliac artery into the uterine and vaginal artery
Aorta -> inferior mesenteric artery -> Common iliac -> Internal iliac -> Uterine artery and vaginal artery
79
What is the sympathetic innervation of the uterus
Inferior hypogastric plexus running along the internal iliac artery
The anterior and medial part of this plexus innervated the uterus (uterovaginal plexus)
80
Parasympathetic innervation of the uterus
S2-S4 pelvic splanchnic nerve
81
What is the cervix innervated by
Uterovaginal plexus
82
What ligament do the uterine tubes run along
Broad Ligament
83
Role of the fimbrae
Catch ovary from surface of the ovary
84
What part of the uterine tube does fertilisation take place
Ampulla
85
What is the uterine tube supplied by
Uterine AND Ovarian artery as they anastomose together
86
What is the epithelium of the ovary surface
Simple cuboidal epithelium
87
How are the ovaries attached to the broad ligament
Mesovarium
88
What does the pelvic girdle consist of
Sacrum
Coccyx
Hip Bones
89
What is the name of the junction between the hipbone and the sacrum
Sacroiliac joint
90
How many sacroiliac joints do we have
2
91
What is the junction between the coccyx and the sacrum called
Sacrococcygeal joint
92
Three functions of the pelvis
1. Transfer weight from the upper axial skeleton to the lower appendicular components of the skeleton
2. Provides attachment for a number of muscles + ligaments used in locomotion
3. Protects abdominopelvic + pelvic viscera
93
What does the pelvic inlet divide the pelvis into
An outer greater (false) pelvis and inner lesser (true) pelvis
94
Male vs Female pelvis
Male has a curved inward coccyx vs female has a straight coccyx
Males have an acute angle of the pubic symphysis vs Females have an obtuse pubic symphysis
95
What spinal cord roots does the sacral plexus recieve nerve from
L4-S4
96
How do spinal nerves leave the spinal cord
Via the intervertebral foramina
97
What nerves derive from the sacral plexus
```
S-ome: S-uperior gluteal nerve
I-rish: I-nferior gluteal nerve
S-ailors: S-ciatic
P-ester: P-osterior cutaneous nerve
P-olly: P-eudendal nerve
```
98
How do all nerves leave the pelvis
Via the greater sciatic foramen
99
How do all nerves enter the pelvis
Via the lesser sciatic foramen
100
Where does the inferior gluteal nerve root from
L5,S1,S2
101
Where does the Sciatic nerve root from
L4,5,S1,S2,S3
102
Where does the Posterior cutaneous nerve root from
S1,S2,S3
103
Where does the peudendal nerve root from
S2,S3,S4
104
What are the motor functions of the peudendal nerve
- Supplies external anal sphincter
- Supplies the external urethral sphincter
- Levator Ani
- Skeletal muscles of the perineum
105
What are the sensory functions of the peudendal nerve
- Innervates the penis
- Innervates the clitoris
- Skin of the perineum
106
In what part of the urethra is the bulbourethral glands located
Membranous urethra
107
What is the significance of the bulbourethral glands
Provide the last volume of fluid to the semen
Is the reason for 'pre-ejaculate'
108
How can pre-ejaculate cause a pregnancy
Because sperm from a previous ejaculation still in the ducts can be moved through and into the vagina if it is still alive
109
What does the bulbourethral gland secrete into the urethra
A mucous secretion
110
What are the three functions of the mucous secretions of the bulbourethral glands
1. Lubrication for the penis tip and urethra
2. Expel any residue of urine providing a clear pathway for ejaculation
3. Helps to neutralise residual acidity
111
What are the bulbourethral glands innervated by
Hypogastric plexus
112
What are the three branches that supply the penis
Dorsal arteries (supply the superificial part of the penis)
Deep arteries
Bulbourethral arteries
All branch from the internal peudendal artery
113
What does the internal peudendal artery branch off from
Internal iliac artery
114
What nerve supplies the male penis and female clitoris
Peudendal nerve
115
What is the perineum supplied by
Internal peudendal artery
116
Define the borders of the perineum
Anterior - Pubic symphysis
Posterior - Tip of the coccyx
Lateral - Medial border of thigh
117
What does the urogenital triangle consist of
Transverse perineal muscles
Corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
Urethra
118
What is the urogenital triangle bounded by
Pubic Symphysis
Ischiopubic Rami
Line between the two ischial tuberosity
119
At what vertebral level does the common iliac artery bifurcate into the external and internal iliac artery
L4
120
What muscles are found in the perineal body
Deep transverse perineal muscles
Ischiocavernous
Bulbospongiosus
121
What binds the perineal body muscles together
Perineal body
122
Where are bartholin glands found in the perineal body
Superficial perineal pouch
123
What does the anal triangle consist of
1. Anal sphincter
2. Anal aperture
3. Ischioanal fossa
124
Role of the ischioanal fossa
(allows for expanding of the anus)
