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Phase 1 > SUGER: Anatomy > Flashcards

SUGER: Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aperture in the transversalis fascia called?

A

Deep Inguinal

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2
Q

Where is the superficial ring located

A

In the external oblique aponeurosis

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3
Q

What happens to the spermatic cord as it passes through the abdominal walls

A

It recieves a covering from three layers of the abdominal wall

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4
Q

What does the spermatic cord form in females

A

Round Ligament

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5
Q

What nerve is found in the inguinal canal

A

Ilio-Inguinal nerve

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6
Q

What structure of the pelvis does the spermatic cord move medial and anterior to

A

Pubic Tubercle

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7
Q

What five main structures are found in the testes

A 
Testicular (gonadal) arteries 
Vas Deferens
Pampiniform plexus of veins
Nerves
Lymphatics of the testes
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8
Q

Describe the venal route from the pampiniform plexus of veins in the testes

A

They join together to form the testicular vein and then drain into:

Inferior Vena Cava on the right
Left Renal Vein on the left and then onto the inferior vena cava

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9
Q

Role of the vas deferens

A

Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

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10
Q

Role of the epididymis

A

Connects testicles to vas deferens and stores sperm

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11
Q

What are the three coverings of the testes from in to out

A

Inner: Tunica vaginalis
Middle: Tunica Albuginea
Outer: Tunica Vasculosa

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12
Q

What separates the two testicles

A

The testicular septum

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13
Q

Are dartos muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary smooth muscle

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14
Q

Where are dartos muscles located

A

JUST under the superficial skin layer

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15
Q

Where is the cremaster muscle derived from

A

The internal oblique muscle

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16
Q

Where do the Internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscle meet

A

Their aponeurosis join at the conjoint tendon

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17
Q

What defines a direct hernia

A

A hernia medial to the inferior epigastric artery

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18
Q

What defines an indirect hernia

A

A hernia lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

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19
Q

Where does the testicular artery branch off from

A

Aorta at L2

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20
Q

Where does the cremasteric artery branch from

A

Inferior epigastric artery

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21
Q

Function of the ilio-inguinal nerve

A

Supplies skin sensation to the anterior 1/3 of the external genitalia

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22
Q

Function of the genitofemoral nerve

A

Supplies the cremaster muscle

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23
Q

Function of sympathetic nerves

A

Supplies vas and testicular pain

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24
Q

What two structures pass through the inguinal canal of females

A

Round ligament

Ilioinguinal nerve

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25
Q

What is the corpora cavernosum and corpora spongiosum supplied by (arterial supply)

A

Cavernosum:
Deep arteries of the penis

Spongiosum:
Dorsal artery of penis

Both are branches of the internal PEUDENDAL artery

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26
Q

What is the venous drainage of the penis

A

Internal peudendal veins

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27
Q

Where is the urethra located

A

Corpus spongiosum

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28
Q

Are kidneys retro or intraperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

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29
Q

Where do the kidneys extend

A

From T12 to L3

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30
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located

A

Above the kidneys

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31
Q

What is contained within the renal fascia

A

Adrenal Glands

Kidneys

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32
Q

What is the advantage of the renal capsule being fibrous

A

Prevents the spread of cancer

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33
Q

Role of the renal hilum

A

Acts as a gateway to the kidney

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34
Q

What lies anterior to the right kidney

A

Liver, duodenum and coils of the intestines

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35
Q

What lies anterior to the left kidney

A

Stomach, spleen, pancreas and coils of the intestines

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36
Q

What shape are the adrenal glands

A

Right: Tetrahedral shaped

Left: Crescent-shaped

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37
Q

Where does the left adrenal gland lie behind

A

Stomach and pancreas

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38
Q

Where does the right adrenal gland lie behind

A

Liver and inferior vena cava

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39
Q

How many arteries and veins supply each gland

A

Three arteries

One vein

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40
Q

What arcuate ligament is unpaired

A

The median arcuate ligament

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41
Q

What branch of the genitofemoral nerve supplies the cremaster muscle

A

The genital branch

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42
Q

What does the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply

A

Skin sensation to upper anterior thighs

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43
Q

Which arcuate ligament arcs over the quadrates lumborum

A

Lateral Arcuate Ligament

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44
Q

Which arcuate ligament arcs over the posts major muscles

A

Medial arcuate ligament

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45
Q

Define a polar artery

A

Some people have two renal arteries to one kidney, one large and one smaller, inferior to the larger - polar artery

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46
Q

Where can the pelvis of the kidney be located

A

L2-L3

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47
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve supply

A

skin sensation over the lateral thigh

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48
Q

What part of the lumbar plexus does the iliohypogastric nerve branch off at

A

T12 and L1

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49
Q

What part of the lumbar plexus does the ilioinguinal nerve branch off at

A

T12 and L1

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50
Q

What part of the lumbar plexus does the genitofemoral nerve branch off at

A

L1 and L2

51
Q

What part of the lumbar plexus does the lateral cutaneous nerve branch off at

A

L2 and L3

52
Q

What part of the lumbar plexus does the femoral nerve branch off at

A

L2,L3,L4

53
Q

What part of the lumbar plexus does the obturator branch off at

A

L2,3,4

54
Q

What hole does the obturator pass through at the hip bone

A

Obturator foramen

55
Q

What are the two pouches found in females

A

Recto-uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

Uterovesical pouch

56
Q

What is the pouch found in males called

A

Recto-vesical pouch

57
Q

What is the mucous in the bladder arranged as

A

Rugae

58
Q

What artery do the ureters pass over

A

Left and right common iliac arteries

59
Q

What passes over the ureter in males

A

Vas Deferens

60
Q

What passes over the ureter in females

A

Uterine Artery

61
Q

Why is the uterus known as the secondary sex organ

A

Because these are parts that mature during puberty in the influence of sex hormones

62
Q

What are the sex hormones in females and males

A

Ovaries

Testes

63
Q

What is the role of the uterus

A

Transport and maintenance of gametes

64
Q

Where does implantation of the blastocyst take place

A

Body

65
Q

What is the role of the cervic

A

Links the uterus to the vagina

66
Q

What is odd about the junction between the body and cervix

A

It can either be bent forwards (ante-flexed) or slightly backwards (retro-flexed)

67
Q

What are the two communications of the cervical canal

A

Internal Os - Communicates with uterine cavity

External Os - Communicates with vagina

68
Q

What two structures stabilise the position of the cervix

A

Levator ani muscles

Cervical Ligaments

69
Q

Where are cervical ligaments derived from

A

Pelvic Fascia

70
Q

Where are the vaginal fornices found

A

Lower part of the cervix

71
Q

What can affect the position of the uterus

A

Bladder

72
Q

What is the broad ligament

A

Double layer of peritoneum

73
Q

Role of the broad ligament

A

Attaches sides of uterus to pelvis

74
Q

Role of the round ligament

A

Maintains anteverted position of the uterus

75
Q

Role of the ovarian Ligament

A

Joins ovaries to the uterus

76
Q

Role of the cardinal ligament

A

Contains uterine artery and vein

77
Q

Role of uterosacral ligament

A

Supports the uterus

78
Q

Describe the branching of the iliac artery into the uterine and vaginal artery

A

Aorta -> inferior mesenteric artery -> Common iliac -> Internal iliac -> Uterine artery and vaginal artery

79
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the uterus

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus running along the internal iliac artery

The anterior and medial part of this plexus innervated the uterus (uterovaginal plexus)

80
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the uterus

A

S2-S4 pelvic splanchnic nerve

81
Q

What is the cervix innervated by

A

Uterovaginal plexus

82
Q

What ligament do the uterine tubes run along

A

Broad Ligament

83
Q

Role of the fimbrae

A

Catch ovary from surface of the ovary

84
Q

What part of the uterine tube does fertilisation take place

A

Ampulla

85
Q

What is the uterine tube supplied by

A

Uterine AND Ovarian artery as they anastomose together

86
Q

What is the epithelium of the ovary surface

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

87
Q

How are the ovaries attached to the broad ligament

A

Mesovarium

88
Q

What does the pelvic girdle consist of

A

Sacrum
Coccyx
Hip Bones

89
Q

What is the name of the junction between the hipbone and the sacrum

A

Sacroiliac joint

90
Q

How many sacroiliac joints do we have

A

2

91
Q

What is the junction between the coccyx and the sacrum called

A

Sacrococcygeal joint

92
Q

Three functions of the pelvis

A
  1. Transfer weight from the upper axial skeleton to the lower appendicular components of the skeleton
  2. Provides attachment for a number of muscles + ligaments used in locomotion
  3. Protects abdominopelvic + pelvic viscera
93
Q

What does the pelvic inlet divide the pelvis into

A

An outer greater (false) pelvis and inner lesser (true) pelvis

94
Q

Male vs Female pelvis

A

Male has a curved inward coccyx vs female has a straight coccyx

Males have an acute angle of the pubic symphysis vs Females have an obtuse pubic symphysis

95
Q

What spinal cord roots does the sacral plexus recieve nerve from

A

L4-S4

96
Q

How do spinal nerves leave the spinal cord

A

Via the intervertebral foramina

97
Q

What nerves derive from the sacral plexus

A 
S-ome: S-uperior gluteal nerve
I-rish: I-nferior gluteal nerve
S-ailors: S-ciatic
P-ester: P-osterior cutaneous nerve
P-olly: P-eudendal nerve
98
Q

How do all nerves leave the pelvis

A

Via the greater sciatic foramen

99
Q

How do all nerves enter the pelvis

A

Via the lesser sciatic foramen

100
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve root from

A

L5,S1,S2

101
Q

Where does the Sciatic nerve root from

A

L4,5,S1,S2,S3

102
Q

Where does the Posterior cutaneous nerve root from

A

S1,S2,S3

103
Q

Where does the peudendal nerve root from

A

S2,S3,S4

104
Q

What are the motor functions of the peudendal nerve

A
  • Supplies external anal sphincter
  • Supplies the external urethral sphincter
  • Levator Ani
  • Skeletal muscles of the perineum
105
Q

What are the sensory functions of the peudendal nerve

A
  • Innervates the penis
  • Innervates the clitoris
  • Skin of the perineum
106
Q

In what part of the urethra is the bulbourethral glands located

A

Membranous urethra

107
Q

What is the significance of the bulbourethral glands

A

Provide the last volume of fluid to the semen

Is the reason for ‘pre-ejaculate’

108
Q

How can pre-ejaculate cause a pregnancy

A

Because sperm from a previous ejaculation still in the ducts can be moved through and into the vagina if it is still alive

109
Q

What does the bulbourethral gland secrete into the urethra

A

A mucous secretion

110
Q

What are the three functions of the mucous secretions of the bulbourethral glands

A
  1. Lubrication for the penis tip and urethra
  2. Expel any residue of urine providing a clear pathway for ejaculation
  3. Helps to neutralise residual acidity
111
Q

What are the bulbourethral glands innervated by

A

Hypogastric plexus

112
Q

What are the three branches that supply the penis

A

Dorsal arteries (supply the superificial part of the penis)
Deep arteries
Bulbourethral arteries

All branch from the internal peudendal artery

113
Q

What does the internal peudendal artery branch off from

A

Internal iliac artery

114
Q

What nerve supplies the male penis and female clitoris

A

Peudendal nerve

115
Q

What is the perineum supplied by

A

Internal peudendal artery

116
Q

Define the borders of the perineum

A

Anterior - Pubic symphysis
Posterior - Tip of the coccyx
Lateral - Medial border of thigh

117
Q

What does the urogenital triangle consist of

A

Transverse perineal muscles
Corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
Urethra

118
Q

What is the urogenital triangle bounded by

A

Pubic Symphysis
Ischiopubic Rami
Line between the two ischial tuberosity

119
Q

At what vertebral level does the common iliac artery bifurcate into the external and internal iliac artery

A

L4

120
Q

What muscles are found in the perineal body

A

Deep transverse perineal muscles
Ischiocavernous
Bulbospongiosus

121
Q

What binds the perineal body muscles together

A

Perineal body

122
Q

Where are bartholin glands found in the perineal body

A

Superficial perineal pouch

123
Q

What does the anal triangle consist of

A
  1. Anal sphincter
  2. Anal aperture
  3. Ischioanal fossa
124
Q

Role of the ischioanal fossa

A

(allows for expanding of the anus)

Phase 1 (30 decks)

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