Liver: Catabolism of lipids + Bile synthesis

Question 1

In what part of the hepatocytes are triglycerides stored

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

In what form are triglycerides deposited in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

Answer 2

As a single fatty droplet

Question 3

Describe fatty acid catabolism

Answer 3

1. CoA is attached to -COOh molecule at the end of the fatty acid
2. ATP -> AMP + 2Pi
3. Fatty acid-CoA compound undergoes beta-oxidation
4. Acetyl CoA splits off fatty acid
5. 2H+ trasnferred to NAD+ and FAD+
6. FADH and NADH enter OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
7. ATP Produced
8. CoA binds to fatty acid + cycle is repeated
9. Continues to lose two carbon atoms per CoA until all has been transferred to CoA
10. Production of Co2 and ATP via Krebs’ Cycle + Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 4

Role of Lipoprotein Lipase

Answer 4

Hydrolyses triglycerides in lipoprotein (chylomicrons and VLDL) to 2 fatty acids and a monoglyceride molecule)

Question 5

Role of Hepatic Lipase

Answer 5

Converted IDL to LDL

Question 6

Where is Hepatic Lipase expressed

Answer 6

Liver and Adrenal Glands

Question 7

Why is LDL more useful than IDL

Answer 7

LDL carries more triglycerides

Question 8

How often is bile secreted

Answer 8

Continuously

Question 9

What hormone is excreted in bile

Answer 9

Steroid hormones

Tip: Cholesterol produces steroid hormones and that is mainly excreted in the bile so, yeah.

Question 10

What happens to bile stored in the gallbladder

Answer 10

Stored + Concentrated

Question 11

Why does bile concentrate in the gallbladder

Answer 11

Due to absorption of Na and Cl

Question 12

Where can the gallbladder be palpated

Answer 12

Lies at right mid-clavicular line at the costal margin

Question 13

What vein connects the liver to the GI Tract

Answer 13

Portal Vein