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Phase 1 > Liver + GI: Anatomy > Flashcards

Liver + GI: Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four parts of the duodenum

A

Superior (L1)
Descending (L1-L3)
Inferior (L3)
Ascending (L3-L2)

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2
Q

How long is the superior duodenum

A

5cm

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3
Q

What part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal

A

Last 2cm of superior duodenum

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4
Q

What part of the superior duodenum is extraperitoneal

A

First 3cm

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5
Q

How is the superior duodenum connected to the liver

A

By Hepatoduodenal ligament

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6
Q

What structure does the descending duodenum surround

A

The pancreatic Head

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7
Q

What major structure does the descending duodenum contain

A

The major duodenal papilla

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8
Q

What does the inferior duodenum lie behind

A

The superior mesenteric artery and veins

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9
Q

What happens at the junction between the ascending duodenum and the jejunum

A

We have suspensory muscles which relax to widen the flexure - aids movement of contents into the jejunum

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10
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

Makes them motile

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11
Q

What is the role of the ileocecal valve

A

Prveents reflux of material back into the ileum from the caecum

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12
Q

Jejunum vs Ileum

A

Jejunum is dark red - Ileum is light pink
Jejunum is thicker - Ileum has thinner walls
Jejunum has longer vasa recta - Ileum has shorter vasa recta

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13
Q

What artery supplies the descending duodenum

A

Gastroduodenal arteru

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14
Q

What artery supplies the duodenum distal to the major duodenal papilla

A

The pancreaticoduodenal artery

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15
Q

What is the pancreaticoduodenal artery a branch of

A

The superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

How can I differentiate the ileum from the Jejunum

A

Ileum has peyer’s patches

Jejunum has more plicae circularis

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17
Q

Where is meckel’s Diverticulum found

A

An appendix like structure found on the ileum

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18
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum a remnant of

A

The vitelline duct

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19
Q

What are arcades

A

Looping parts of the superior mesenteric artery that then form the vasa recta

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20
Q

What is the difference in the arcades of the ileum and jejunum

A

The arcades are more numerous in the Ileum

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21
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein join to

A

Splenic vein and then onto the portal vein

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22
Q

Are the ascending and descending colon intra or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

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23
Q

Are the transverse, sigmoid colon intra or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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24
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis propria of the intestines called and are these layers longitudinal or circular

A

Taenia Coli

They are longitudinal

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25
Q

When do the three layers of the Taenia coli fuse together

A

At the rectao-sigmoid junction

26
Q

What are the inner circular muscle layers called

A

Haustrations

27
Q

What are the epiploic appendices

A

Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat and found along the colon

28
Q

Is the epiploic appendix present in the rectum

A

No

29
Q

What is the significance of the epiploic appendix

A

They mark where blood vessels penetrate the surface of the bowels to supply the mucosa and submucosa

30
Q

Does the caecum has a mesentery

A

No

31
Q

Does the caecum have taenia coli

A

Yes

32
Q

What is the marginal artery of drummond

A

Where the middle colic artery of the superior mesenteric anastomoses with the left colic artery of the inferior mesenteric artery

33
Q

What is the hind gut innervated by

A

Sacral nerves 2,3,4

34
Q

At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm

A

T10

35
Q

What structures pass through the diaphragm alongside the oesophagus

A

Vagal trunks, inferior oesophageal artery and veins

36
Q

How does lymph drain from the small bowel

A

Moves into cisterns chill and into the thoracic duct

37
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta start at

A

T12

38
Q

What does the inferior phrenic artery supply

A

The diaphragm

39
Q

What level does the inferior phrenic artery branch off the abdominal aorta

A

T12

40
Q

At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off at

A

L1

41
Q

At what vertebral level is the superior mesenteric artery at

A

L1

42
Q

At what level is the Middle suprarenal artery at

A

L1

43
Q

At what level is the renal artery at

A

L1-L2

44
Q

What artery branches off at L2

A

Gonadal Arteries

45
Q

What artery comes off the abdominal aorta at L4

A

Middle sacral artery

46
Q

Is the middle sacral artery paired or unpaired

A

Unpaired

47
Q

How many pairs of lumbar arteries do we have?

A

4 pairs

48
Q

What is the role of the lumbar arteries

A

Supply spinal cord and abdominal wall

49
Q

What does the abdominal aorta branch off into

A

Left and right common iliac arteries

50
Q

At what level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off the abdominal aorta at?

A

L3

51
Q

What plane of the body marks the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

A

Intertubercular plane

52
Q

What nerve supplies foregut pain

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

T5-9 gets the greater splanchnic nerve online

53
Q

What nerve supplies hindgut pain

A

Lowest splanchnic nerve

T12

54
Q

What nerve supplies midgut pain

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve

T10-11 stops us from getting to heaven

55
Q

What is the superior epigastric artery a branch of

A

The internal thoracic artery

56
Q

What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of

A

The external iliac artery

57
Q

What three tributaries join together to form the hepatic portal vein

A
  • Inferior mesenteric vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein
  • Splenic vein
58
Q

Name four organs found on the transpyloric plane of addison

A

Gastro-duodenal flexure
Pancrease
Gallbladder
Pylorus

59
Q

Name two branches of the iliohypogastric nerve

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve

Anterior cutaneous nerve

60
Q

What does the anterior cutaneous nerve supply

A

Hypogastric region

Phase 1 (30 decks)

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