Liver + GI: Anatomy Flashcards
Name the four parts of the duodenum
Superior (L1)
Descending (L1-L3)
Inferior (L3)
Ascending (L3-L2)
How long is the superior duodenum
5cm
What part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal
Last 2cm of superior duodenum
What part of the superior duodenum is extraperitoneal
First 3cm
How is the superior duodenum connected to the liver
By Hepatoduodenal ligament
What structure does the descending duodenum surround
The pancreatic Head
What major structure does the descending duodenum contain
The major duodenal papilla
What does the inferior duodenum lie behind
The superior mesenteric artery and veins
What happens at the junction between the ascending duodenum and the jejunum
We have suspensory muscles which relax to widen the flexure - aids movement of contents into the jejunum
Are the jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
Makes them motile
What is the role of the ileocecal valve
Prveents reflux of material back into the ileum from the caecum
Jejunum vs Ileum
Jejunum is dark red - Ileum is light pink
Jejunum is thicker - Ileum has thinner walls
Jejunum has longer vasa recta - Ileum has shorter vasa recta
What artery supplies the descending duodenum
Gastroduodenal arteru
What artery supplies the duodenum distal to the major duodenal papilla
The pancreaticoduodenal artery
What is the pancreaticoduodenal artery a branch of
The superior mesenteric artery
How can I differentiate the ileum from the Jejunum
Ileum has peyer’s patches
Jejunum has more plicae circularis
Where is meckel’s Diverticulum found
An appendix like structure found on the ileum
What is Meckel’s Diverticulum a remnant of
The vitelline duct
What are arcades
Looping parts of the superior mesenteric artery that then form the vasa recta
What is the difference in the arcades of the ileum and jejunum
The arcades are more numerous in the Ileum
What does the superior mesenteric vein join to
Splenic vein and then onto the portal vein
Are the ascending and descending colon intra or retroperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
Are the transverse, sigmoid colon intra or retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
What are the three layers of the muscularis propria of the intestines called and are these layers longitudinal or circular
Taenia Coli
They are longitudinal
When do the three layers of the Taenia coli fuse together
At the rectao-sigmoid junction
What are the inner circular muscle layers called
Haustrations
What are the epiploic appendices
Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat and found along the colon
Is the epiploic appendix present in the rectum
No
What is the significance of the epiploic appendix
They mark where blood vessels penetrate the surface of the bowels to supply the mucosa and submucosa
Does the caecum has a mesentery
No
Does the caecum have taenia coli
Yes
What is the marginal artery of drummond
Where the middle colic artery of the superior mesenteric anastomoses with the left colic artery of the inferior mesenteric artery
What is the hind gut innervated by
Sacral nerves 2,3,4
At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm
T10
What structures pass through the diaphragm alongside the oesophagus
Vagal trunks, inferior oesophageal artery and veins
How does lymph drain from the small bowel
Moves into cisterns chill and into the thoracic duct
At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta start at
T12
What does the inferior phrenic artery supply
The diaphragm
What level does the inferior phrenic artery branch off the abdominal aorta
T12
At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off at
L1
At what vertebral level is the superior mesenteric artery at
L1
At what level is the Middle suprarenal artery at
L1
At what level is the renal artery at
L1-L2
What artery branches off at L2
Gonadal Arteries
What artery comes off the abdominal aorta at L4
Middle sacral artery
Is the middle sacral artery paired or unpaired
Unpaired
How many pairs of lumbar arteries do we have?
4 pairs
What is the role of the lumbar arteries
Supply spinal cord and abdominal wall
What does the abdominal aorta branch off into
Left and right common iliac arteries
At what level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off the abdominal aorta at?
L3
What plane of the body marks the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
Intertubercular plane
What nerve supplies foregut pain
Greater splanchnic nerve
T5-9 gets the greater splanchnic nerve online
What nerve supplies hindgut pain
Lowest splanchnic nerve
T12
What nerve supplies midgut pain
Lesser splanchnic nerve
T10-11 stops us from getting to heaven
What is the superior epigastric artery a branch of
The internal thoracic artery
What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of
The external iliac artery
What three tributaries join together to form the hepatic portal vein
- Inferior mesenteric vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
- Splenic vein
Name four organs found on the transpyloric plane of addison
Gastro-duodenal flexure
Pancrease
Gallbladder
Pylorus
Name two branches of the iliohypogastric nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve
Anterior cutaneous nerve
What does the anterior cutaneous nerve supply
Hypogastric region
