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Phase 1 > Liver + GI: Anatomy > Flashcards

Liver + GI: Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four parts of the duodenum

A

Superior (L1)
Descending (L1-L3)
Inferior (L3)
Ascending (L3-L2)

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2
Q

How long is the superior duodenum

A

5cm

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3
Q

What part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal

A

Last 2cm of superior duodenum

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4
Q

What part of the superior duodenum is extraperitoneal

A

First 3cm

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5
Q

How is the superior duodenum connected to the liver

A

By Hepatoduodenal ligament

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6
Q

What structure does the descending duodenum surround

A

The pancreatic Head

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7
Q

What major structure does the descending duodenum contain

A

The major duodenal papilla

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8
Q

What does the inferior duodenum lie behind

A

The superior mesenteric artery and veins

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9
Q

What happens at the junction between the ascending duodenum and the jejunum

A

We have suspensory muscles which relax to widen the flexure - aids movement of contents into the jejunum

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10
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

Makes them motile

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11
Q

What is the role of the ileocecal valve

A

Prveents reflux of material back into the ileum from the caecum

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12
Q

Jejunum vs Ileum

A

Jejunum is dark red - Ileum is light pink
Jejunum is thicker - Ileum has thinner walls
Jejunum has longer vasa recta - Ileum has shorter vasa recta

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13
Q

What artery supplies the descending duodenum

A

Gastroduodenal arteru

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14
Q

What artery supplies the duodenum distal to the major duodenal papilla

A

The pancreaticoduodenal artery

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15
Q

What is the pancreaticoduodenal artery a branch of

A

The superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

How can I differentiate the ileum from the Jejunum

A

Ileum has peyer’s patches

Jejunum has more plicae circularis

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17
Q

Where is meckel’s Diverticulum found

A

An appendix like structure found on the ileum

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18
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum a remnant of

A

The vitelline duct

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19
Q

What are arcades

A

Looping parts of the superior mesenteric artery that then form the vasa recta

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20
Q

What is the difference in the arcades of the ileum and jejunum

A

The arcades are more numerous in the Ileum

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21
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein join to

A

Splenic vein and then onto the portal vein

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22
Q

Are the ascending and descending colon intra or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

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23
Q

Are the transverse, sigmoid colon intra or retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal

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24
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis propria of the intestines called and are these layers longitudinal or circular

A

Taenia Coli

They are longitudinal

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25
When do the three layers of the Taenia coli fuse together
At the rectao-sigmoid junction
26
What are the inner circular muscle layers called
Haustrations
27
What are the epiploic appendices
Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat and found along the colon
28
Is the epiploic appendix present in the rectum
No
29
What is the significance of the epiploic appendix
They mark where blood vessels penetrate the surface of the bowels to supply the mucosa and submucosa
30
Does the caecum has a mesentery
No
31
Does the caecum have taenia coli
Yes
32
What is the marginal artery of drummond
Where the middle colic artery of the superior mesenteric anastomoses with the left colic artery of the inferior mesenteric artery
33
What is the hind gut innervated by
Sacral nerves 2,3,4
34
At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm
T10
35
What structures pass through the diaphragm alongside the oesophagus
Vagal trunks, inferior oesophageal artery and veins
36
How does lymph drain from the small bowel
Moves into cisterns chill and into the thoracic duct
37
At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta start at
T12
38
What does the inferior phrenic artery supply
The diaphragm
39
What level does the inferior phrenic artery branch off the abdominal aorta
T12
40
At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off at
L1
41
At what vertebral level is the superior mesenteric artery at
L1
42
At what level is the Middle suprarenal artery at
L1
43
At what level is the renal artery at
L1-L2
44
What artery branches off at L2
Gonadal Arteries
45
What artery comes off the abdominal aorta at L4
Middle sacral artery
46
Is the middle sacral artery paired or unpaired
Unpaired
47
How many pairs of lumbar arteries do we have?
4 pairs
48
What is the role of the lumbar arteries
Supply spinal cord and abdominal wall
49
What does the abdominal aorta branch off into
Left and right common iliac arteries
50
At what level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off the abdominal aorta at?
L3
51
What plane of the body marks the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
Intertubercular plane
52
What nerve supplies foregut pain
Greater splanchnic nerve T5-9 gets the greater splanchnic nerve online
53
What nerve supplies hindgut pain
Lowest splanchnic nerve T12
54
What nerve supplies midgut pain
Lesser splanchnic nerve T10-11 stops us from getting to heaven
55
What is the superior epigastric artery a branch of
The internal thoracic artery
56
What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of
The external iliac artery
57
What three tributaries join together to form the hepatic portal vein
- Inferior mesenteric vein - Superior mesenteric vein - Splenic vein
58
Name four organs found on the transpyloric plane of addison
Gastro-duodenal flexure Pancrease Gallbladder Pylorus
59
Name two branches of the iliohypogastric nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve Anterior cutaneous nerve
60
What does the anterior cutaneous nerve supply
Hypogastric region

Phase 1 (30 decks)

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