IMMS: Week 4

Question 1

Define hyprcalcaemia

Answer 1

High calcium ion levels

Question 2

What is hypercalcaemia caused by

Answer 2

Parathyroid gland producing too much parathyroid hormone.

Vitamin D toxicity

Question 3

What is the consequence of hypercalcaemia

Answer 3

Metastatic calcification and kidney stones

Question 4

What is hypocalcaemia

Answer 4

Low calcium levels

Question 5

What is hypocalcaemia caused by

Answer 5

Vitamin D deficiency or magnesium deficiency

Question 6

Why are glycoproteins needed in the cell membrane

Answer 6

Cell signalling and cell recognition

Question 7

What is the property that all lipids in the plasma membrane have

Answer 7

They are all amphipathic

Question 8

What is the role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane

Answer 8

Cell signalling and stability

Question 9

What is the main function of the plasma membrane

Answer 9

Acts as a selective barrier to the passage of molecules

Barrier to outside environment

Compartmentalise the cell

Expel waste

Maintain intracellular balance

Cell signalling

Insulator

Question 10

How does the plasma membrane prevent large substances from passing through into the cell

Answer 10

Tight junctions between the epithelial cells prevents leakage

Question 11

How do actin filaments keep cells together in the plasma membrane

Answer 11

Enable cell to cell adhesion through adherent junctions + cell to matrix adhesion

Question 12

What are adherent junctions

Answer 12

Joining of actin bundles in one cell to the bundle in another - keeps cells together

Question 13

How do intermediate filaments keep cells of the plasma membrane together

Answer 13

Allow cell to cell adhesion through desmosomes (cell surface adhesion proteins + intracellular keratin cytoskeletal filaments)