MSK: anatomy Flashcards
What structures move through the flexor retinaculum
Median nerve
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
1 tendon of the flexor carpi radialis
What branch of the median nerve supplies the thenar group
Recurrent
What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box
Extensor pollicus longus and brevis
Contains scaphoid bone
When is supination at its weakest
At full extension of arm
When is supination and pronation strongest
When elbow joint is flexed at 90 degrees
How does damaging root T1 affect the hand
Paralyses the whole hand
What is the brachioradialis innervated by
Radial nerve
What is the bicep femoris innervated by
Long head - tibial branch of sciatic nerve
Short head - common fibular branch of sciatic
What are the borders that make up the popliteal fossa
Superomedial - semimembranous
Superolateral - biceps femoris
Inferomedial - gastrocnemius (medial head)
Inferolateral - gastrocnemius (lateral) and plantaris
What is inside the popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Common fibular nerve
What muscle inserting into the thumb is not part of the Thenar group of muscles
Adductor pollicis muscle
What is the adductor pollicis muscle innervated by
Ulnar nerve
What is the extensor carpi ulnaris innervated by
Deep branch of the radial nerve
Why is the adductor policies muscle not a thenar muscle
Because it originates from the third metacarpal whilst thenar muscle all originate from a ligament that connects to the hypothenar muscles.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Hand_dissection_5.jpg
Do we have a flexor digits minimi longus muscle
No, just a brevis
does the little finger have an adductor or abductor muscle
Has only got an abductor muscle
Thumb as an adductor AND abductor
What do the left and right external iliac artery branch into
The femoral artery -> Deep femoral artery + Politeal artery
How long is the femoral canal
1.3 cm long
How long is the adductor canal
15cm
What make up the borders of the adductor canal
Anterior: Sartorius
Lateral: Vastus Medialis
Posterior: Adductor Longus + Magnus
Apex: Adductor Hiatus
What is the adductor Hiatus
A gap between the adductor and hamstring attachments of the adductor magnus
Why is the adductor canal important to note
Because the femoral artery and vein turn into the popliteal artery and vein as they pass through the canal
What are the borders that form the femoral triangle
Superior - Inguinal Ligament
Lateral - Sartorius Muscle
Medial - Medial border of the adductor longus muscle
Roof - Fascia Lata
Base - Pectineus, Iliopsoas, adductor longus muscles
WHat part of the femoral triangle acts as the flexor retinaculum
The inguinal ligament
What is the role of a flexor retinaculum
Supports the content of the femoral triangle during flexion
E.g. Inguinal ligaments does this during flexion at the hip
What are the contents of the femoral triangle
NAVEL: Nerve (femoral) Artery (femoral) Vein Empty Lymph
Why do we need a space in the femoral triangle
To allow distension of the veins + lymph vessels
What is the cubital fossa
Marks the transition between the anatomical arm and forearm
What are the borders of the cubital fossa
An imaginary straight line between the lateral and medial epicondyles
Medial wall of pronator teres
Lateral wall of the brachioradialis
What are the contents of the cubital fossa
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RN - Radial Nerve
BT - Bicep Tendon
BA - Brachial Artery
MN - Median Nerve
What forms the borders of the anatomical snuffbox
Medial: Tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Lateral: Tendon of abductor pollicis longus + extensor pollicis brevis
Proximal: Styloid process of radius
Floor: Scaphoid and trapezium
Roof: Skin
What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox
Radial Artery
Radial Nerve
Cephalic Vein
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What structure is the axilla located under
The glenohumeral joint
What forms the borders of the axilla
Apex - Lateral border of first rib, scapula and clavicle
Lateral - Formed by intertubercular groove of the humerus
Medial - Serratus Anterior + Thoracic Wall
Anterior - Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor and subclavian muscles
Posterior - Subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi
What are the contents of the axilla
Axillary Artery Axillary Vein Brachial Plexus Biceps Brachii + Coracobrachialis Axillary Lymph Nodes
Name two lateral rotator muscles of the leg
Piriformis
Obturator externus
What are the five adductor muscle groups
- Pectineus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor Longus
- Adductor Magnus
- Gracilis
Name the tarsal bones
T - Talus N - Navicular C - Cuneiform C - Cuboidal C - Calcaneus
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What does the popliteal artery divide into
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
What is the junction between the hamstring and adductor part of the adductor magnus called
Adductor hiatus
Why is the adductor hiatus important
Because this is where the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery
What two ligaments stabilise the ankle joint
The medial and lateral Malleolus
What kind of joint links the tibia and fibia together
Syndesmosis joint
Where are seasmoid bones located
At the distal end of foot metatarsals
What is the calcification of seasmoid bones a sign of
pubertal growth spurt
How many heads does the flexor hallicis brevis have
Two heads
In what tendons are the seasmoid bones found in the foot
In the flexor hallicis brevis
In what tendons are seasmoid bones found in the hands
Adductor pollicis and flexor pollicis brevis muscle
Innervation of foot lumbricals
1st lumbrical (Medial plantar) and 3 lateral lumbricals (Lateral plantar nerves)
