Substance use disorders Flashcards
Definition of substance use
use of substance for some minor effect
not excessive and no negative consequence
may be planned or unplanned..doesn’t matter to person if it occurs or not
Definition of substance abuse
use that has been or is potentially harmful to the extent that the substance use negatively affects one or more important areas of life for at least one month
continued use of the substance despite awareness that it’s causing a problem or making a problem worse
definition of substance dependence
chronic, excessive use of a substance that is harmful to the individual
what is substance dependence characterized by
physical tolerance, psychological dependency, deterioration in overall functioning, marked loss of control over frequency and amounts of substance used
What is the essential feature of substance use
cluster or cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significance substance related problems
What are the 1st 4 criteria for substance abuse
Tolerance
Attempts to control
Time spent on use
craving
Effects of psychoactive drugs
Stimulants
depressants
hallucinogens
How do psychoactive drugs enter the blood stream
orally
inhaled
snorted
injected
Biological Causes of addiction
Brain opiate receptor system plays a role
genetic factors
neurochemical factors in biological based susceptibility.
predisposition comes from a difference in brain chemistry
Psychological causes
low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, paranoia, emotional numbness, poor handling of frustration
Sociocultrual causes of addiction
influenced by economic impoverishment, sociocultural oppression, cultural norms that dictate availability of drugs and alcohol and expectations of their use
theory of interaction b/t psychodynamic factors and environmental stressors
What are Jellinek’s phases of addiction
Contact phase
Prodromal phase
Crucial phase
Chronic phase
What is the contact phase
come in contact with the drug begins using becomes psychologically dependent no physical w/drawl one feels they need to drink/use to deal w/ life phase can last for years
What’s the prodromal phase
tolerance begins to increase often start experiencing blackouts begin to hide amount of usage attempt to avoid talking about usage experiences loss of control and physical w/drawl
What is the crucial phase
Loss of control progresses so that one can’t tell how much one will drink or use once they have begun
often quit to show they aren’t alcoholic but soon resume
try and implement ways of controlling their drinking
have more physical and psychological damage
often notice their life/health going downhill
prolonged periods of use start
