Personality disorders Flashcards
What are characteristics of cluster a personality disorders
Uncomfortable in interpersonal situations
Emotionally distant
Distrustful, suspicious
Isolative
Interpret others actions as negative, possibly against them
aloof
What are cluster b personality disorders
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
What are characteristics of cluster b personality disorders
Excessive and unstable expression of emotion
manipulative interpersonal relationships
disregard for others feelings or rights
What are cluster c personality disorders
avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive personality (different from ocd)
What are characteristics of cluster c personality disorders
Anxious
social discomfort
sense of helplessness
inability to make decisions-rely on others
perfectionist-where obsessive personality comes in
inflexible
Which cluster has the strongest genetic assossiation
Cluster A
What are biological factors attributed personality disorders
Hormones, platelet monamine oxidase, neurotransmitters (serotonin)
Overactive amygdala
underactive prefrontal cortex
What are environmental factors attributed to personality disorders
40-71% of those w/ BPD have a hx of sexual abuse by non caregiver
family environments which are non-validating (needs aren’t met, feelings aren’t validated, have problems w/ ER
What is the impact of personality disorders on social
odd
distrustful
limited interpersonal skills
What is the impact on emotional modulation
changes emotions quickly and unpredictably
expression of emotion is intense
impulsivity w/ emotional modulation problems can lead to self-harm behaviors
What are the impacts on coping
limited coping skills (daily life, esp interpersonal relationships)
What do personality disorders affect
social participation
emotional modulation
coping
Medication for personality disorders
(Limited research on this)
low dose anti-psychotic
mood stabilizer
OT interventions
Understand defense mechanism
Est. a therapeutic relationship
Work on occupational dysfunction: grade activities, new ways to adapt and respond to change, affect modulation, appropriate expression of emotion, interpersonal skills
What is splitting
undoing of entire team. Pinning people against eachother.
manipulation of people to get their needs met
What’s the biosocial theory of BPD
Caused by joint outcome of biological disposition, environmental context and the transaction of the 2 during development. BPD have difficulty regulating emotions. This disregulation is caused by emotional vulnerability and by manipulative and inadequate emotion modulation strategies.
emotional vulnerability characteristics w/ bpd
very high sensitivity to emotional stimuli
very intense response to emotional stimuli
slow return to baseline once emotional arousal has occurred
characteristics of emotional modulation of bpd
unable to inhibit inappropriate behavior related to strong or negative or positive emotion
unable to organize oneself for coordinated action in the service of an external goal (act in a way that’s not mood dependent when necessary)
self-soothe any physiological arousal that motion has induced can’t self-soothe)
Cant refocus attention in the presence of a strong emotion
What is BPD
Combo of emotional response system that’s oversensitive and over reactive w/ the inability to modulate the strong emotions and actions associated w/ them
What are emotions a combo of
physiological arousal
subjective experience
behavioral/affective expression
What are the systems involved in emotional regulation
Nervous
Endocrine
What are the basic emotions
Mad
happy
sad
scared
What is emotional regulation
efforts to control emotional states (necessary for functional occ. performance)
what is emotional dysregulation
emotional responses that aren’t adaptive to the particular situation. Response that interferes w/ goal-directed behavior
What’s dialectical behavior therapy
Combo of individual psychotherapy w/ psychosocial skills training
requires additional training
lots of research behind it
can be group or individual
What is typically not done by OT’s
Psychotherapy
What is a good fit for OT
Skills training
What are the 4 areas DBT skills training works on
Mindfulness
Interpersonal effectiveness
Emotional regulation
Distress tolerance
What is mindfulness
Being aware, being preset, not passing a lot of judgement
What is interpersonal effectiveness
effective ways of achieving objectives w/ other people
What is distress tolerance
ways to put up w/ emotional states when you can’t change them
What are cluster a personality disorders
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
