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552 > Rest and Sleep > Flashcards

Rest and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the largest and most health impacting disorders

A

sleep disorders

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2
Q

What is sleep influenced by

A

Our behavior and our interaction with the environment

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3
Q

What are circadian rhythms

A

the 24 hr time patter of life

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4
Q

What do circadian rhythms include

A

alert/awake, energy dips, and sleep

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5
Q

What are typical circadian rhythms

A

Most alert in the morning, an early afternoon dip, energy for the remainder of the day, sleep at noon

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6
Q

When is the circadian rhythm set

A

in childhood w/in the family pattern of awake-sleep time

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7
Q

What are daily routines built on

A

circadian rhythms

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8
Q

What do atypical circadian rhythms increase

A

likelihood of poor quality sleep and disrupted routines

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9
Q

Who is more prone to disrupted circadian rhythms

A

shift workers, new moms, those w/ acute/chronic illness, metal illness, individuals w/ head injuries, those who are blind

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10
Q

What does Zeltgeber mean

A

Time giver

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11
Q

What is zeltgeber

A

a cue in nature that keeps the human body organized w/ a recurring and physiological 24 hr/day year cycle

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12
Q

What is the most powerful zeltgeber

A

light

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13
Q

What does constant availability of light cause

A

desynchronization of patterns and health problems

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14
Q

What does zeltgeber provide

A

cues to the body clock needs to enact neurotransmitters

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15
Q

What is change in light perceived by

A

the eyes

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16
Q

What does melatonin do

A

causes the hypothalamus to slow body activities and brain functions, lower body temp, and initiates sleep

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17
Q

What does light of day cause

A

histamine receptors to communicate w/ SCN and begin to wake the body

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18
Q

What does compromised sleep or sleep deprivation cause

A

suppresses the immune system
extended sleep deprivation will cause a loss in thermoregulation of the body resulting in death after a few weeks of no sleep

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19
Q

What is the role of sleep in recovery from illness

A

fever pushes pathogens out of the body also causes sleep which allows the body to increase supply of immune defenses

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20
Q

What does decreased sleep do to cognition

A

Slower reaction time
lower performance on IQ tests
irritability
poor problem solving

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21
Q

How is learning impacted

A

difficulty focusing
fidgeting
moody

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22
Q

What are the stages of sleep

A

NREM non rapid eye movement

REM rapid eye movement

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23
Q

What is the largest portion of sleep

A

NREM

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24
Q

What are the 4 stages of NREM

A

1: When you begin to doze off. Very light sleep
2: Brian waves slow. Move towards deeper sleep
3-4: Deep sleep. Best rest. Immune system produces protective metabolic components

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25
Q

What happens during REM

A 
High brain activity
looks more like a waking state on neurophysiological readings
occurs 5-6 times/night 
Where dreams occur
no body movement below neck
no body temp regulation happens
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26
Q

What do typical sleep patterns include

A

several cycles from NREM stages 1-3 and the REM

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27
Q

When are cycles shorter

A

at the beginning of sleep but last about 90 min

28
Q

When is the deepest and best quality of REM sleep

A

early morning

29
Q

What happens if sleep is interrupted

A

it returns to the beginning of the cycle

30
Q

What are the social contexts of sleep

A

Bed sharing, sharing bedtime routines, activities which occur in bed before sleep, impact of illness/sleep problems on both persons, bed sharing with infants/kids

31
Q

What are the temporal contexts of sleep

A

shaped by the physiological timing, personal and family routine, sleep hygiene

32
Q

What are the spatial contexts of sleep

A

light, temp, sound, air quality, sleep furnishings, keep bedroom peaceful and uncluttered

33
Q

Who has the shortest healthy sleep cycles

A

infants

34
Q

When does a more stable sleep pattern develop

A

3 months

35
Q

What can lack of sleep do in infants and children

A

impact development

36
Q

What can kids appear as when sleep deprived

A

hyper rather than drowsy

37
Q

When do melatonin levels begin to drop

A

in adolescence

38
Q

What are characteristics of sleep in adolescence

A

need less sleep than children
as a whole are chronically sleep deprived
problems w/ sleep may indicate other concerns (depression, substance abuse)
Typically prefer to stay up late and sleep later in the AM

39
Q

How many hours of sleep should adults get

A

8

40
Q

Things that can disrupt adult sleep

A

Schedules
Children
Bed partner
Pets

41
Q

What stage of sleep do elderly have more of

A

More stage 1 than 4

42
Q

What kind of issues affect elderly sleep

A 
diabetes
cardiovascular issues
chronic pain
noctuna 
breathing issues
loss of a partner 
environmental issues
43
Q

What is the physical condition of tiredness due to

A

inadequate sleep

44
Q

What can lead to sleep debt

A

lack of value placed on sleep

Lack of REM sleep

45
Q

What is an increasing problem in children

A

Sleep debt

46
Q

What is the most common sleep disorder

A

insomnias (5-50%)

47
Q

What are insomnias

A

Difficulty initiating sleep, staying asleep, getting enough sleep, or impaired sleep quality

48
Q

What are sleep-related breathing disorders

A

Respiration is impaired while sleeping

49
Q

Characteristics of sleep apnea

A

Causes brief awakenings-interrupts sleep cycle

Impacts sleep partner

50
Q

How is sleep apnea diagnosed

A

Through a sleep study

51
Q

What are treatments for sleep apnea

A

Breathing machine
surgery
weight loss
improved sleep hygiene

52
Q

What are hypersomnias

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness and difficulty staying awake during the day
may fall asleep at inappropriate times or present as hyperactivity

53
Q

What is the most common hypersomina

A

narcolepsy

54
Q

What are circadian rhythm sleep disorders

A

sleep patterns which are out of sync w/ society’s expectations of the time for sleep
delayed sleep

55
Q

Who is prone to circadian rhythm sleep disorders

A

shift workers

56
Q

What are parasomnias

A

Actions that happen during sleep that are either experienced or physical in nature (undesirable and person may be unaware of them)

57
Q

What are kinds of parasomnias

A

Bruxism
Sleep wakling
Sleep terros

58
Q

What is bruxism

A

grinding teeth

59
Q

Who do parasomnias occur in

A

adults and children

60
Q

What are sleep-related movement disorders

A

Body moves involuntarily during sleep

61
Q

What is an example of sleep-related movement disorder

A

Restless leg

62
Q

What is restless leg syndrome

A

Sensation of something crawling inside legs/arms
restlessness
daytime sleepiness
can be painful

63
Q

Who is restless leg more common in

A

woman than men

64
Q

Those at risk for sleep problems

A 
psychiatric d/o
neurological d/o
alzheimers
movement and breathing limitations
factory workers, truckers, pilots, parents, caregivers
65
Q

What is the role of OT in sleep

A

screen for sleep issues
work on sleep hygiene
adapt sleep environment

66
Q

Meds for sleep

A

Lunesta

tricyclis

67
Q

What is the foundation of all other occupations

A

sleep

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