Rest and Sleep Flashcards
What are the largest and most health impacting disorders
sleep disorders
What is sleep influenced by
Our behavior and our interaction with the environment
What are circadian rhythms
the 24 hr time patter of life
What do circadian rhythms include
alert/awake, energy dips, and sleep
What are typical circadian rhythms
Most alert in the morning, an early afternoon dip, energy for the remainder of the day, sleep at noon
When is the circadian rhythm set
in childhood w/in the family pattern of awake-sleep time
What are daily routines built on
circadian rhythms
What do atypical circadian rhythms increase
likelihood of poor quality sleep and disrupted routines
Who is more prone to disrupted circadian rhythms
shift workers, new moms, those w/ acute/chronic illness, metal illness, individuals w/ head injuries, those who are blind
What does Zeltgeber mean
Time giver
What is zeltgeber
a cue in nature that keeps the human body organized w/ a recurring and physiological 24 hr/day year cycle
What is the most powerful zeltgeber
light
What does constant availability of light cause
desynchronization of patterns and health problems
What does zeltgeber provide
cues to the body clock needs to enact neurotransmitters
What is change in light perceived by
the eyes
What does melatonin do
causes the hypothalamus to slow body activities and brain functions, lower body temp, and initiates sleep
What does light of day cause
histamine receptors to communicate w/ SCN and begin to wake the body
What does compromised sleep or sleep deprivation cause
suppresses the immune system
extended sleep deprivation will cause a loss in thermoregulation of the body resulting in death after a few weeks of no sleep
What is the role of sleep in recovery from illness
fever pushes pathogens out of the body also causes sleep which allows the body to increase supply of immune defenses
What does decreased sleep do to cognition
Slower reaction time
lower performance on IQ tests
irritability
poor problem solving
How is learning impacted
difficulty focusing
fidgeting
moody
What are the stages of sleep
NREM non rapid eye movement
REM rapid eye movement
What is the largest portion of sleep
NREM
What are the 4 stages of NREM
1: When you begin to doze off. Very light sleep
2: Brian waves slow. Move towards deeper sleep
3-4: Deep sleep. Best rest. Immune system produces protective metabolic components
What happens during REM
High brain activity looks more like a waking state on neurophysiological readings occurs 5-6 times/night Where dreams occur no body movement below neck no body temp regulation happens
What do typical sleep patterns include
several cycles from NREM stages 1-3 and the REM
When are cycles shorter
at the beginning of sleep but last about 90 min
When is the deepest and best quality of REM sleep
early morning
What happens if sleep is interrupted
it returns to the beginning of the cycle
What are the social contexts of sleep
Bed sharing, sharing bedtime routines, activities which occur in bed before sleep, impact of illness/sleep problems on both persons, bed sharing with infants/kids
What are the temporal contexts of sleep
shaped by the physiological timing, personal and family routine, sleep hygiene
What are the spatial contexts of sleep
light, temp, sound, air quality, sleep furnishings, keep bedroom peaceful and uncluttered
Who has the shortest healthy sleep cycles
infants
When does a more stable sleep pattern develop
3 months
What can lack of sleep do in infants and children
impact development
What can kids appear as when sleep deprived
hyper rather than drowsy
When do melatonin levels begin to drop
in adolescence
What are characteristics of sleep in adolescence
need less sleep than children
as a whole are chronically sleep deprived
problems w/ sleep may indicate other concerns (depression, substance abuse)
Typically prefer to stay up late and sleep later in the AM
How many hours of sleep should adults get
8
Things that can disrupt adult sleep
Schedules
Children
Bed partner
Pets
What stage of sleep do elderly have more of
More stage 1 than 4
What kind of issues affect elderly sleep
diabetes cardiovascular issues chronic pain noctuna breathing issues loss of a partner environmental issues
What is the physical condition of tiredness due to
inadequate sleep
What can lead to sleep debt
lack of value placed on sleep
Lack of REM sleep
What is an increasing problem in children
Sleep debt
What is the most common sleep disorder
insomnias (5-50%)
What are insomnias
Difficulty initiating sleep, staying asleep, getting enough sleep, or impaired sleep quality
What are sleep-related breathing disorders
Respiration is impaired while sleeping
Characteristics of sleep apnea
Causes brief awakenings-interrupts sleep cycle
Impacts sleep partner
How is sleep apnea diagnosed
Through a sleep study
What are treatments for sleep apnea
Breathing machine
surgery
weight loss
improved sleep hygiene
What are hypersomnias
Excessive daytime sleepiness and difficulty staying awake during the day
may fall asleep at inappropriate times or present as hyperactivity
What is the most common hypersomina
narcolepsy
What are circadian rhythm sleep disorders
sleep patterns which are out of sync w/ society’s expectations of the time for sleep
delayed sleep
Who is prone to circadian rhythm sleep disorders
shift workers
What are parasomnias
Actions that happen during sleep that are either experienced or physical in nature (undesirable and person may be unaware of them)
What are kinds of parasomnias
Bruxism
Sleep wakling
Sleep terros
What is bruxism
grinding teeth
Who do parasomnias occur in
adults and children
What are sleep-related movement disorders
Body moves involuntarily during sleep
What is an example of sleep-related movement disorder
Restless leg
What is restless leg syndrome
Sensation of something crawling inside legs/arms
restlessness
daytime sleepiness
can be painful
Who is restless leg more common in
woman than men
Those at risk for sleep problems
psychiatric d/o neurological d/o alzheimers movement and breathing limitations factory workers, truckers, pilots, parents, caregivers
What is the role of OT in sleep
screen for sleep issues
work on sleep hygiene
adapt sleep environment
Meds for sleep
Lunesta
tricyclis
What is the foundation of all other occupations
sleep
