Substance Use Disorder Flashcards
Behavior where person uses drug for personal satisfaction
Addiction
Drug that has abuse liability
Controlled Substance
State characterized by signs and symptoms when drug is withdrawn from chronic use
Dependence
Synthetic derivative of a drug with slightly modified structure to try and avoid the schedules (illegal/fines) of controlled drugs
Designer Drug
Decreased response to a drug, needed higher doses to achieve same effect
Tolerance
Increased response with repetition of the same dose of the drug
Sensitization
Evidence of physical dependence; adaptive changes that are apparent once drug exposure is terminated
Withdrawal
Describe the Schedule levels for Controlled Substances
1 = no medical use; high addiction potential 2/3/4 = medical use; high to low abuse potential
What type of drugs are methamphetamine and cocaine?
Stimulants
What can Methamphetamine treat?
Obesity
ADHD
What are the symptoms of Methamphetamine?
Agitation
Paranoia
Anxiety
MOA for Cocaine?
(-) dopamine reuptake
What drug (-) dopamine reuptake?
Cocaine
What are the symptoms of Cocaine?
Euphoria
Increased alertness
Anxiety/Irritability
High doses or prolonged use of Cocaine can cause what?
Paranoia
With Cocaine, tolerance develops ____
Rapidly
– take higher and higher doses
With Cocaine, what follows the Euphoria?
Crash
= Exhaustion, sleep, depression
What are the symptoms of Ketamine?
Dissociative sensations
Hallucinations
Sedation state/amnesia/analgesia/immobility
What types of drugs are Ketamine and LSD?
Hallucinogens
If a person is in an unresponsive state with uncontrolled eye movements, muscle stiffening, dilated pupils and salivation, what drug are they likely on?
Ketamine
As Ketamine wears off, what are the 3 symptoms?
Agitation
Confusion
Hallucinations
As Ketamine wears off, what are they 3 symptoms?
Agitation
Confusion
Hallucinations
What are the symptoms of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamine)?
Vision, mood changes
Distortion of world and time around you
What is a dangerous adverse effect that can occur with LSD?
Can produce flashbacks months/years after taking last dose!
What drug can produce flashbacks months/years after taking last dose?
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Overdose effects of barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol produce what types of behavior?
Drunken behavior
What are the withdrawal effects of barbiturates, benzodiazepines and ethanol?
Anxiety, insomnia, delirium
Overdose effects of Heroin and opioids?
Drowsy and coma
What are the withdrawal effects of Heroin and opioids?
N/V, chills, cramps, lacrimation, yawning, hyperpnea
What is a long term effect of PCP?
Irreversible schizophrenia-like psychosis
Are Ketamine, LSD and PCP addictive?
NO
– just can have long term effects
Caffeine increases mental alertness. If you combine it with what 2 things, what will it treat?
Caffeine + analgesics + ergotamine = treats migraine headaches
There are tons of clinical uses for Caffeine. List a few.
Weight loss
Type 2 DM
Breathing issues
High doses of Caffeine + Ephedrine =
Alternative to illegal stimulants
1 alcoholic drink takes how long to metabolize?
1 hour
1 alcoholic drink takes how long to metabolize?
1 hour
Binge drinking limits for women and men (on one occasion)
Women: > 4 drinks
Men: > 5 drinks
Heavy drinking limits for women and men?
Women: > 8 drinks/week
Men: > 15 drinks/week
What type of kinetics does Alcohol metabolism follow?
Zero-order
= Rate is CONSTANT and independent of amount
What type of kinetics does Alcohol metabolism follow?
Zero-order
= Rate is CONSTANT and independent of amount
What is the rate limiting factor for Alcohol metabolism and its half life increases with?
Biological system = rate limiting factor
– half life increases with dose
Describe the cascade of Alcohol Metabolism
- Alcohol
- Acetaldehyde
- Acetate
What enzyme takes Alcohol to Acetaldehyde?
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
What enzyme takes Acetaldehyde to Acetate?
Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
MOA for Disulfiram?
(-) Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
==> build up of Acetaldehyde
What is the result of Disulfiram?
Discomfort while drinking alcohol due to the buildup of Acetaldehyde
= Flushing, N/V, sweating, headache
MOA for Acamprosate?
NMDA antagonist and GABAa agonist
What is the result of taking Acamprosate?
Decreased desire to drink alcohol and relapse rates
There is extensive first pass metabolism of Alcohol with what enzyme?
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
What drug can (-) Alcohol Dehydrogenase and treat methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning?
Fomepizole
