Mood Disorders Flashcards
How long must Major Depressive Episodes last?
At least 2 weeks
What are the symptoms of a Major Depressive Episode?
- Depressed mood
- Loss of interest
- 3 others – (insomnia, weight changes, fatigue, guilt, etc.)
For a Major Depressive Episode, the feelings they are experiencing must be present for at least 2 weeks and how often in that time frame?
Every day!
Major Depressive Disorder
Greater than 1 Major Depressive Episodes in the ABSENCE of mania/hypomania/mixed episodes
What must be ABSENT with Major Depressive Disorder?
Absent manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes
– Only 1+ Major Depressive Episodes
What are common symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder/Episode?
Depressed mood Loss of interest Insomnia Weight changes Fatigue Guilt Decreased concentration
What are 2 therapies that can be used for treatment-resistant depression?
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
What does ECT induce and treat?
Induces a seizure
– Treats Depression
What does TMS activate and treat?
(+) neuronal pathways
– Treats Depression
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Depressed mood for most of the day for > 2 years that has not been severe enough to meet criteria for Major Depressive Episode
How long must the depressed mood be present for with Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
Adults: >2 years
Children: > 1 year
Depressed mood for most of the day for longer than 2 years
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
– Not severe enough to meet criteria for major depressive disorder
A person with Dysthymia cannot be symptom free for how long in that 2 year time span?
More than 2 months
When does Depression with Seasonal Pattern start and remit?
Starts: Fall/Winter
Remits: Summer
A person with Depression with a Seasonal Pattern will sleep and eat more. What is a possible solution?
Light therapy
When does Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder occur and what are some symptoms?
1 week before menses
= Irritability, sleep issues, anxiety and depression
What are some treatment options for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
Exercise, diet, relaxation therapy
SSRIs during cycle or 2 weeks prior
How long does a Manic Episode have to last?
At least 1 week
What are some symptoms of a Manic Episode?
Inflated self esteem (grandiosity)
Decreased need for sleep
More talkative with racing thoughts and flights of ideas
Increased goal-oriented behavior
Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
What are some symptoms of a Manic Episode?
Inflated self esteem (grandiosity)
Decreased need for sleep
More talkative with racing thoughts and flight of ideas
Increased goal-oriented behavior
Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
How long does a Hypomanic Episode last?
At least 4 days
What is a Hypomanic Episode?
Similar to Manic episode but LESS SEVERE
What differentiates a Hypomanic Episode from a Manic Episode?
- No psychotic features
- NO social/occupational impairment
What differentiates a Hypomanic Episode from a Manic Episode?
Lasts at least 4 days
- No psychotic features
- No social/occupational impairment
Bipolar 1 Disorder
Must have at least 1 Manic or Mixed Episode
Must have had a least 1 Manic or Mixed episode is what type of Bipolar?
Bipolar 1
What usually presents before the manic/mixed episode with Bipolar 1 Disorder but is not necessary?
Major Depressive Episode
Which type of Bipolar Disorder is more common?
Bipolar 2
Bipolar 2 Disorder
Must have at least 1 Major Depressive Episode + 1 Hypomanic Episode
– ABSENCE of manic/mixed episode
1 Major Depressive episode + 1 hypomanic episode?
Bipolar 2 Disorder
What differentiates Bipolar 2 from Bipolar 1 Disorder?
- NO manic/mixed episode
- (+) Major Depressive Episode
What are 1st line treatment options for Bipolar Disorders?
Mood stabilizers
= Lithium, Valproic Acid
Lithium and Valproic Acid (mood stabilizers) are first line agents for?
Bipolar Disorders
What is another common agent used for Bipolar Disorders?
Carbamazepine
What is a Cyclothymic Disorder?
Dysthmyic disorder with intermittent hypomanic periods
Dysthmyic disorder with intermittent hypomanic periods is?
Cyclothymic Disorder
What are the symptoms of Cyclothymic Disorder?
For at least 2 years, patient has repeated episodes of hypomania and depression
– Not severe enough to meet criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
How long do the symptoms have to be present for Cyclothymic Disorder?
At least 2 years for adults
At least 1 year for kids
What are 5 Anxiety Disorders?
Separation Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Social Anxiety Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder
What defines a Panic Disorder?
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks + 1 month or more of 1 of the following:
- Concern about additional attacks
- Worry about consequences of attacks
- Change in behavior related to attack
What defines a Panic Disorder?
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks + 1 month or more of 1 of the following:
- Concern about additional attacks
- Worry about consequences of attack
- Change in behavior related to attack
Panic attack is a period of intense ___
Fearr
How long does a Panic Attack usually last and when does it peak?
Peaks at 10 minutes
– Lasts less than 25 minutes
What are some symptoms of a Panic Attack?
Palpitations Chest pain SOB Sweating/Shaking Dizziness
Agoraphobia
Anxiety about being in situations from which escape might be difficult or help might not be available
Anxiety about being in situations from which escape might be difficult or help might not be available
Agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive worry for most of the day for more days than not > 6 months
Excessive worry for most of the day for more days than not for > 6 months
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
What are the Obsessions with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Recurrent intrusive thoughts/images causing distress
– DOES NOT EQUAL WORRY
What are the Compulsions with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Repetitive behaviors aimed at decreasing distress or preventing dreaded events
How long do the obsessions/compulsions occupy in a single day?
Greater than 1 hour of the day
– Impairs ability to function
Do patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder know that their obsessions/compulsions are unreasonable?
YES
Do patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder know that their obsessions/compulsions are unreasonable?
NO
