Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs

Question 1

What are 3 Barbiturates?

Answer 1

Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Thiopental

Question 2

What is a Melatonin Agonist?

Answer 2

Ramelteon

Question 3

What is a Melatonin Agonist?

Answer 3

Ramelteon

Question 4

What is an Antihistamine?

Answer 4

Doxepin

Question 5

What is an Antihistamine?

Answer 5

Doxepin

Question 6

What is a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist?

Answer 6

Suvorexant

Question 7

What is a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist?

Answer 7

Suvorexant

Question 8

What are 2 Non-Benzodiazepine (BZ1) Agonists?

Answer 8

Eszopiclone

Zolpidem

Question 9

What are 2 Non-Benzodiazepine (BZ1) Agonists?

Answer 9

Eszopiclone

Zolpidem

Question 10

What is a Benzodiazepine Antagonist?

Answer 10

Flumazenil

Question 11

What is a Benzodiazepine Antagonist?

Answer 11

Flumazenil

Question 12

Producing relaxation, calmness and decreased motor activity WITHOUT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Answer 12

Sedation

Question 13

Inducing drowsiness, decreased motor and sensory activity with DEPRESSED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Answer 13

Hypnosis

Question 14

With the GABA-A Receptor, GABA binds and causes what ion to enter the cell? What is the result?

Answer 14

Cl- enters the cell

=> Hyperpolarizes cell membrane

Question 15

What 3 classes of drugs act on the GABA-A receptor?

Answer 15

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
BZ1 Selectives

Question 16

Both Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates are addictive. Which is the more addictive and dangerous?

Answer 16

Barbiturates

Question 17

What are the 2 low potency Benzodiazepines?

Answer 17

Diazepam

Temazepam

Question 18

Which low potency Benzodiazepine has a long half life?

Answer 18

Diazepam

Question 19

What are 4 high potency Benzodiazepines?

Answer 19

Clonazepam
Alprazolam
Lorazepam
Triazolam

Question 20

Which high potency Benzodiazepine has a long half life?

Answer 20

Clonazepam

Question 21

Short half life Benzodiazepines may cause?

Answer 21

Amnesia

Question 22

What is a common side effect of Benzodiazepines?

Answer 22

Drowsiness

Question 23

Which 3 Benzodiazepines are often used for anxiety?

Answer 23

Alprazolam
Clonazepam
Lorazepam

Question 24

Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Lorazepam can all be used for?

Answer 24

Anxiety

Question 25

Which 2 Benzodiazepines are often used for Insomnia?

Answer 25

Temazepam | Triazolam

Question 26

Temazepam and Triazolam are often used for?

Answer 26

Insomnia

Question 27

What is Midazolam often used for and what is a possible IV adverse effect?

Answer 27

Induction of Anesthesia | => Respiratory depression/arrest may occur

Question 28

If you combine Benzodiazepines with Opioids, what possible adverse effects?

Answer 28

Sedation Respiratory depression Coma Death

Question 29

What are the Non-Benzodiazepine (BZ1) Agonists used for?

Answer 29

Insomnia

Question 30

How can Zolpidem be given?

Answer 30

Sublingual tablets | Oral spray

Question 31

Which Non-Benzodiazepine (BZ1) Agonist has a longer half life?

Answer 31

Eszopiclone

Question 32

What are the possible adverse effects of Zolpidem/Eszopiclone?

Answer 32

Complex sleep behaviors: walking, driving and other activities while asleep

Question 33

What is the MOA of Flumazenil?

Answer 33

Antagonist at Benzodiazepine binding sites on GABA-A receptor to block actions of Benzodiazepines

Question 34

When is Flumazenil used?

Answer 34

Reversal of Benzodiazepine induced sedation or overdose

Question 35

What is a possible adverse effect of Flumazenil?

Answer 35

Seizures especially if on long term sedation or TCAs

Question 36

At high doses, what drug class can open the Cl- channel withOUT GABA?

Answer 36

Barbiturates

Question 37

What Barbiturate has the longest half life and can control tonic clonic seizures?

Answer 37

Phenobarbital

Question 38

What drug interactions do Barbiturates have?

Answer 38

CYP3A4 INDUCERS

Question 39

What are possible adverse effects of Barbiturates?

Answer 39

Addictive Respiratory Depression Sneeze, cough, laryngospasm

Question 40

What Barbiturate has the shortest half life?

Answer 40

Thiopental

Question 41

What is the MOA for Buspirone?

Answer 41

Unknown; partial agonist at 5-HT receptors

Question 42

Which drug has an unknown MOA but is a partial agonist at 5-HT?

Answer 42

Buspirone

Question 43

What is Buspirone used for?

Answer 43

Anxiety and partial antidepressant

Question 44

What is good about Buspirone?

Answer 44

Lacks tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, sedation/hypnotic effects

Question 45

What are 3 possible side effects of Buspirone?

Answer 45

Insomnia Agitation Nausea

Question 46

What is the MOA for Ramelteon?

Answer 46

Melatonin Agonist at MT1 and MT2 receptors

Question 47

What can Ramelteon treat?

Answer 47

Sleep disorders | -- rapid onset of sleep

Question 48

What (-) the pineal release of Melatonin?

Answer 48

Sunlight

Question 49

What is the MOA for Suvorexant?

Answer 49

Blocks binding of Orexins that promote wakefulness | ==> Promotes sleep

Question 50

What drug can block binding of Orexins that promote wakefulness in order to treat insomnia?

Answer 50

Suvorexant | dual orexin receptor antagonist

Question 51

What are possible adverse effects of Suvorexant?

Answer 51

Next day somnolence and driving impairment | Complex-sleep behaviors

Question 52

What is the MOA for Doxepin?

Answer 52

``` Antagonizes H1 (histamine) receptors -- (-) reuptake of NE and 5-HT ```

Question 53

What can Doxepin treat?

Answer 53

Insomnia -- causes sedation

Question 54

What are 2 adverse effects of Doxepin?

Answer 54

Suicidal ideation | Anticholinergic effects

Question 55

What drugs can treat Insomnia? (7)

Answer 55

``` Doxepin Suvorexant Ramelteon Zolpidem Eszopiclone Temazepam Triazolam ```