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NMSP - Exam 3 > Neurodevelopmental Disorders > Flashcards

Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Besides the motor disorders, when do neurodevelopmental disorders present?

A

Before grade school

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2
Q

Define Intellectual Disability

A

Must have adaptive functioning deficits in 3 domains

  • Conceptual
  • Social
  • Practical
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3
Q

Child must have functioning deficits in 3 domains (conceptual, social, practical)

A

Intellectual disability

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4
Q

With Intellectual Disability, what issues are present with the Conceptual domain?

A

Reasoning, planning, academic learning difficulties

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5
Q

With Intellectual Disability, what issues present with the Social domain?

A

Difficulties with making friends, social cues and regulating emotions

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6
Q

With Intellectual Disability, what issues present with the Practical domain?

A

Difficulty with age-appropriate personal care

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7
Q

With Intellectual Disability, what domains will need caregivers to help them with certain responsibilities?

A

Conceptual

Practical

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8
Q

What are 2 diagnostic tools to help diagnose Intellectual Disability?

A

DDST

WISC-V

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9
Q

What is severity of Intellectual Disability based on?

A

Adaptive Functioning

– NOT IQ!

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10
Q

What are 4 Communication Disorders?

A
  1. Language Disorder
  2. Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
  3. Social Communication Disorder
  4. Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)
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11
Q

What are 4 Communication Disorders?

A
  1. Language Disorder
  2. Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
  3. Social Communication Disorder
  4. Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)
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12
Q

Language Disorder

A

Difficulty with spoken words, written words, pictures and sign language
– decreased vocabulary and ability to form/connect sentences

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13
Q

A child has difficulty with spoken and written words, and decreased vocabulary with an inability to form sentences/connect them

A

Language Disorder

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14
Q

Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder

A

Difficulty with articulation, fluency, voice and resonance quality

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15
Q

A child has difficulty with articulation, fluency, voice and resonance quality

A

Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder

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16
Q

Social Communication Disorder

A

Difficulty with the SOCIAL USE of verbal and nonverbal communication

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17
Q

Difficulty with the SOCIAL USE of verbal and nonverbal communication

A

Social Communication Disorder

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18
Q

When may Social Communication Disorder become apparent?

A

Early adolescence when interactions become complex

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19
Q

Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)

A

Difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound

– pauses within words, sound prolongations, etc.

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20
Q

A child has difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound
– pauses, sound prolongations, etc.

A

Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)

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21
Q

What is the core neurophysiological feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A

Sensory Processing Dysfunction ==> Abnormal reaction to sensory input!

22
Q

What is the core neurophysiological feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A

Sensory Processing Dysfunction ==> Abnormal reaction to sensory input

23
Q

With what sensory processing networks are there differences with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A 
Salience Network (environment)
Default Mode Network (internal)
24
Q

What are the main differences between Intellectual Disability and Autism?

A

Presence of restricted interests and/or repetitive behaviors

25
Q

List 5 features that can be present with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A
  1. Repetitive motor/speech movements
  2. Insistence on sameness/routine and restricted range of interests
  3. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
  4. Deficits in nonverbal behaviors
  5. Deficits in relationships
26
Q

List 5 features that can be present with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A
  1. Repetitive motor/speech movements
  2. Insistence on sameness/routines and restricted range of interests
  3. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
  4. Deficits in nonverbal behaviors
  5. Deficits in relationships
27
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder involves abnormal reactions to sensory input. How can that manifest?

A

Either over reacts or under reacts

  • -> meltdowns or stimming (repetitive behaviors)
  • -> excessive smelling/touching of objects
28
Q

What are 2 possible treatments for the irritability that Autistic children can present with?

A

Risperidone

Aripiprazole

29
Q

What is the difference between Intellectual Disability and Autism?

A

Presence of restricted interests or repetitive behaviors (stimming)

30
Q

ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder)

A

Deficit in the ability to gain, sustain or shift focus

31
Q

Deficit in the ability to gain, sustain or shift focus

A

ADHD

32
Q

Describe how females with ADHD may be undertreated

A

Females more commonly have the inattentive type

    • Less disruptive
    • Under-identification
    • Lack of treatment
33
Q

Females with ADHD more commonly have what type that can lead to under-treating them?

A

Inattentive type

34
Q

What 3 things are common comorbidities with ADHD?

A

Tic disorders
Childhood suicide
Mood disorders

35
Q

The Tourette’s Syndrome Triad involves?

A

ADHD/OCD

Multiple motor and vocal tics

36
Q

ADHD involves an executive function deficit. Where does that occur and what neurotransmitters are involved?

A

Dysfunction in prefrontal cortex

= DECREASED Dopamine and Norepinephrine

37
Q

ADHD involves an executive function deficit. Where does that occur and what neurotransmitters are involved?

A

Dysfunction in prefrontal cortex

= DECREASED Dopamine and Norepinephrine

38
Q

What type of ADHD is present if there is no listening, not organized, easily distracted, forgetful and cannot follow instructions?

A

Inattentive type

– usually females

39
Q

What type of ADHD is present if there are fidgets, can’t stay seated, excessive talking and difficulty waiting or taking turns?

A

Hyperactive Type

40
Q

What are 3 diagnostic tools for ADHD?

A

TOVA
Conners
Vanderbilt checklist

41
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for ADHD when the kid is 4-5 years old?

A

Behavior management

42
Q

As the child ages and symptoms persist, what is the treatment for ADHD?

A

Behavior management + medication

43
Q

What are 3 Motor Disorders?

A
  1. Developmental Coordination Disorder
  2. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
  3. Tic Disorders
44
Q

What are 3 Motor Disorders?

A
  1. Developmental Coordination Disorder
  2. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
  3. Tic Disorders
45
Q

Developmental Coordination Disorder

A

Problems with coordinated motor skills

– clumsy, handwriting, sports

46
Q

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

A

Repetitive, compulsive and purposeless motor behavior

– body rocking, hand shaking, self harm

47
Q

What are the 2 Tic Disorders?

A

Tourette’s Disorder

Persistent Motor OR Vocal Tic Disorder

48
Q

Tourette’s Disorder

A

Multiple motor AND vocal tics

49
Q

Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

A

Motor OR vocal tics but NOT BOTH!

50
Q

Repetitive, compulsive, purposeless motor behavior such as body rocking, hand shaking or self harm movements?

A

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

NMSP - Exam 3 (22 decks)

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