Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
Besides the motor disorders, when do neurodevelopmental disorders present?
Before grade school
Define Intellectual Disability
Must have adaptive functioning deficits in 3 domains
- Conceptual
- Social
- Practical
Child must have functioning deficits in 3 domains (conceptual, social, practical)
Intellectual disability
With Intellectual Disability, what issues are present with the Conceptual domain?
Reasoning, planning, academic learning difficulties
With Intellectual Disability, what issues present with the Social domain?
Difficulties with making friends, social cues and regulating emotions
With Intellectual Disability, what issues present with the Practical domain?
Difficulty with age-appropriate personal care
With Intellectual Disability, what domains will need caregivers to help them with certain responsibilities?
Conceptual
Practical
What are 2 diagnostic tools to help diagnose Intellectual Disability?
DDST
WISC-V
What is severity of Intellectual Disability based on?
Adaptive Functioning
– NOT IQ!
What are 4 Communication Disorders?
- Language Disorder
- Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
- Social Communication Disorder
- Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)
What are 4 Communication Disorders?
- Language Disorder
- Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
- Social Communication Disorder
- Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)
Language Disorder
Difficulty with spoken words, written words, pictures and sign language
– decreased vocabulary and ability to form/connect sentences
A child has difficulty with spoken and written words, and decreased vocabulary with an inability to form sentences/connect them
Language Disorder
Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
Difficulty with articulation, fluency, voice and resonance quality
A child has difficulty with articulation, fluency, voice and resonance quality
Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
Social Communication Disorder
Difficulty with the SOCIAL USE of verbal and nonverbal communication
Difficulty with the SOCIAL USE of verbal and nonverbal communication
Social Communication Disorder
When may Social Communication Disorder become apparent?
Early adolescence when interactions become complex
Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)
Difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound
– pauses within words, sound prolongations, etc.
A child has difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound
– pauses, sound prolongations, etc.
Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)
What is the core neurophysiological feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Sensory Processing Dysfunction ==> Abnormal reaction to sensory input!
What is the core neurophysiological feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Sensory Processing Dysfunction ==> Abnormal reaction to sensory input
With what sensory processing networks are there differences with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Salience Network (environment) Default Mode Network (internal)
What are the main differences between Intellectual Disability and Autism?
Presence of restricted interests and/or repetitive behaviors
List 5 features that can be present with Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Repetitive motor/speech movements
- Insistence on sameness/routine and restricted range of interests
- Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- Deficits in nonverbal behaviors
- Deficits in relationships
List 5 features that can be present with Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Repetitive motor/speech movements
- Insistence on sameness/routines and restricted range of interests
- Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- Deficits in nonverbal behaviors
- Deficits in relationships
Autism Spectrum Disorder involves abnormal reactions to sensory input. How can that manifest?
Either over reacts or under reacts
- -> meltdowns or stimming (repetitive behaviors)
- -> excessive smelling/touching of objects
What are 2 possible treatments for the irritability that Autistic children can present with?
Risperidone
Aripiprazole
What is the difference between Intellectual Disability and Autism?
Presence of restricted interests or repetitive behaviors (stimming)
ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder)
Deficit in the ability to gain, sustain or shift focus
Deficit in the ability to gain, sustain or shift focus
ADHD
Describe how females with ADHD may be undertreated
Females more commonly have the inattentive type
- Less disruptive
- Under-identification
- Lack of treatment
Females with ADHD more commonly have what type that can lead to under-treating them?
Inattentive type
What 3 things are common comorbidities with ADHD?
Tic disorders
Childhood suicide
Mood disorders
The Tourette’s Syndrome Triad involves?
ADHD/OCD
Multiple motor and vocal tics
ADHD involves an executive function deficit. Where does that occur and what neurotransmitters are involved?
Dysfunction in prefrontal cortex
= DECREASED Dopamine and Norepinephrine
ADHD involves an executive function deficit. Where does that occur and what neurotransmitters are involved?
Dysfunction in prefrontal cortex
= DECREASED Dopamine and Norepinephrine
What type of ADHD is present if there is no listening, not organized, easily distracted, forgetful and cannot follow instructions?
Inattentive type
– usually females
What type of ADHD is present if there are fidgets, can’t stay seated, excessive talking and difficulty waiting or taking turns?
Hyperactive Type
What are 3 diagnostic tools for ADHD?
TOVA
Conners
Vanderbilt checklist
What is the 1st line treatment for ADHD when the kid is 4-5 years old?
Behavior management
As the child ages and symptoms persist, what is the treatment for ADHD?
Behavior management + medication
What are 3 Motor Disorders?
- Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Stereotypic Movement Disorder
- Tic Disorders
What are 3 Motor Disorders?
- Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Stereotypic Movement Disorder
- Tic Disorders
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Problems with coordinated motor skills
– clumsy, handwriting, sports
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Repetitive, compulsive and purposeless motor behavior
– body rocking, hand shaking, self harm
What are the 2 Tic Disorders?
Tourette’s Disorder
Persistent Motor OR Vocal Tic Disorder
Tourette’s Disorder
Multiple motor AND vocal tics
Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Motor OR vocal tics but NOT BOTH!
Repetitive, compulsive, purposeless motor behavior such as body rocking, hand shaking or self harm movements?
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
