Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

Besides the motor disorders, when do neurodevelopmental disorders present?

Answer 1

Before grade school

Question 2

Define Intellectual Disability

Answer 2

Must have adaptive functioning deficits in 3 domains

• Conceptual
• Social
• Practical

Question 3

Child must have functioning deficits in 3 domains (conceptual, social, practical)

Answer 3

Intellectual disability

Question 4

With Intellectual Disability, what issues are present with the Conceptual domain?

Answer 4

Reasoning, planning, academic learning difficulties

Question 5

With Intellectual Disability, what issues present with the Social domain?

Answer 5

Difficulties with making friends, social cues and regulating emotions

Question 6

With Intellectual Disability, what issues present with the Practical domain?

Answer 6

Difficulty with age-appropriate personal care

Question 7

With Intellectual Disability, what domains will need caregivers to help them with certain responsibilities?

Answer 7

Conceptual

Practical

Question 8

What are 2 diagnostic tools to help diagnose Intellectual Disability?

Answer 8

DDST

WISC-V

Question 9

What is severity of Intellectual Disability based on?

Answer 9

Adaptive Functioning

– NOT IQ!

Question 10

What are 4 Communication Disorders?

Answer 10

1. Language Disorder
2. Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
3. Social Communication Disorder
4. Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)

Question 11

What are 4 Communication Disorders?

Answer 11

1. Language Disorder
2. Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder
3. Social Communication Disorder
4. Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)

Question 12

Language Disorder

Answer 12

Difficulty with spoken words, written words, pictures and sign language
– decreased vocabulary and ability to form/connect sentences

Question 13

A child has difficulty with spoken and written words, and decreased vocabulary with an inability to form sentences/connect them

Answer 13

Language Disorder

Question 14

Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder

Answer 14

Difficulty with articulation, fluency, voice and resonance quality

Question 15

A child has difficulty with articulation, fluency, voice and resonance quality

Answer 15

Speech Sound and Fluency Disorder

Question 16

Social Communication Disorder

Answer 16

Difficulty with the SOCIAL USE of verbal and nonverbal communication

Question 17

Difficulty with the SOCIAL USE of verbal and nonverbal communication

Answer 17

Social Communication Disorder

Question 18

When may Social Communication Disorder become apparent?

Answer 18

Early adolescence when interactions become complex

Question 19

Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)

Answer 19

Difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound

– pauses within words, sound prolongations, etc.

Question 20

A child has difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound
– pauses, sound prolongations, etc.

Answer 20

Stuttering (childhood onset fluency disorder)

Question 21

What is the core neurophysiological feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 21

Sensory Processing Dysfunction ==> Abnormal reaction to sensory input!

Question 22

What is the core neurophysiological feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 22

Sensory Processing Dysfunction ==> Abnormal reaction to sensory input

Question 23

With what sensory processing networks are there differences with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 23

Salience Network (environment)
Default Mode Network (internal)

Question 24

What are the main differences between Intellectual Disability and Autism?

Answer 24

Presence of restricted interests and/or repetitive behaviors

Question 25

List 5 features that can be present with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 25

1. Repetitive motor/speech movements 2. Insistence on sameness/routine and restricted range of interests 3. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity 4. Deficits in nonverbal behaviors 5. Deficits in relationships

Question 26

List 5 features that can be present with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 26

1. Repetitive motor/speech movements 2. Insistence on sameness/routines and restricted range of interests 3. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity 4. Deficits in nonverbal behaviors 5. Deficits in relationships

Question 27

Autism Spectrum Disorder involves abnormal reactions to sensory input. How can that manifest?

Answer 27

Either over reacts or under reacts - -> meltdowns or stimming (repetitive behaviors) - -> excessive smelling/touching of objects

Question 28

What are 2 possible treatments for the irritability that Autistic children can present with?

Answer 28

Risperidone | Aripiprazole

Question 29

What is the difference between Intellectual Disability and Autism?

Answer 29

Presence of restricted interests or repetitive behaviors (stimming)

Question 30

ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder)

Answer 30

Deficit in the ability to gain, sustain or shift focus

Question 31

Deficit in the ability to gain, sustain or shift focus

Answer 31

ADHD

Question 32

Describe how females with ADHD may be undertreated

Answer 32

Females more commonly have the inattentive type - - Less disruptive - - Under-identification - - Lack of treatment

Question 33

Females with ADHD more commonly have what type that can lead to under-treating them?

Answer 33

Inattentive type

Question 34

What 3 things are common comorbidities with ADHD?

Answer 34

Tic disorders Childhood suicide Mood disorders

Question 35

The Tourette's Syndrome Triad involves?

Answer 35

ADHD/OCD | Multiple motor and vocal tics

Question 36

ADHD involves an executive function deficit. Where does that occur and what neurotransmitters are involved?

Answer 36

Dysfunction in prefrontal cortex | = DECREASED Dopamine and Norepinephrine

Question 37

ADHD involves an executive function deficit. Where does that occur and what neurotransmitters are involved?

Answer 37

Dysfunction in prefrontal cortex | = DECREASED Dopamine and Norepinephrine

Question 38

What type of ADHD is present if there is no listening, not organized, easily distracted, forgetful and cannot follow instructions?

Answer 38

Inattentive type | -- usually females

Question 39

What type of ADHD is present if there are fidgets, can't stay seated, excessive talking and difficulty waiting or taking turns?

Answer 39

Hyperactive Type

Question 40

What are 3 diagnostic tools for ADHD?

Answer 40

TOVA Conners Vanderbilt checklist

Question 41

What is the 1st line treatment for ADHD when the kid is 4-5 years old?

Answer 41

Behavior management

Question 42

As the child ages and symptoms persist, what is the treatment for ADHD?

Answer 42

Behavior management + medication

Question 43

What are 3 Motor Disorders?

Answer 43

1. Developmental Coordination Disorder 2. Stereotypic Movement Disorder 3. Tic Disorders

Question 44

What are 3 Motor Disorders?

Answer 44

1. Developmental Coordination Disorder 2. Stereotypic Movement Disorder 3. Tic Disorders

Question 45

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Answer 45

Problems with coordinated motor skills | -- clumsy, handwriting, sports

Question 46

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Answer 46

Repetitive, compulsive and purposeless motor behavior | -- body rocking, hand shaking, self harm

Question 47

What are the 2 Tic Disorders?

Answer 47

Tourette's Disorder | Persistent Motor OR Vocal Tic Disorder

Question 48

Tourette's Disorder

Answer 48

Multiple motor AND vocal tics

Question 49

Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Answer 49

Motor OR vocal tics but NOT BOTH!

Question 50

Repetitive, compulsive, purposeless motor behavior such as body rocking, hand shaking or self harm movements?

Answer 50

Stereotypic Movement Disorder