Substance/Addiction D/O

Question 1

The intake of the substance (orally, intravenously, via smoking, or inhaling).
Results in cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms, with apparent changes in brain circuits that last beyond immediate intake (APA, 2013)
Is a long-term behavior
10 classes of substances included in the categorization

Answer 1

Substance use

Question 2

criteria applying in diagnosing a substance use disorder

Answer 2

Impaired control
Social impairment
Risky use
Pharmacological criteria

Question 3

the immediate effects of the substance

Answer 3

Intoxication

Question 4

A need to increase the dose as the body accommodates to the substance.

Answer 4

Tolerance

Question 5

Term used to describe the physiological symptoms that can accompany reduced use of the substance or the gradual decrease of the substance in the body as it is eliminated.

Answer 5

Withdrawal

Question 6

When both tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are present

Some medically necessary drugs may lead to tolerance that requires gradually increased dosage, and a number have withdrawal symptoms as well; they do not fall into the substance-related disorders as conceptualized in the DSM framework

Answer 6

Addiction

Question 7

CNS depressant, that causes a brief sense of excitement; ultimately has the effect of slowing responses over time.

Answer 7

Alcohol

Question 8

The most commonly used psychoactive substance around the world

Answer 8

Caffeine

Question 9

For many years in the U.S.—it has been illegal and its use highly discouraged because of perceived problems associated with ingestion and its reputation as a “gateway drug”

Answer 9

Cannabis

Question 10

Includes LSD and PCP
Familiar names: angel dust, super grass, killer weed
Ecstasy is a more recent addition to the list

Answer 10

Hallucinogens

Question 11

newly emerging drug and is marketed as an “herbal high”

Answer 11

Salvia

Question 12

Readily available—makes them the substance of choice for teens

Significant medical and psychological consequences—can lead to depression, suicide, and long-term impaired memory and learning

Examples: spray paint, glue, nail polish remover

Answer 12

Inhalants

Question 13

This is a public health crisis
Includes some that are illicit and others that include prescribed analgesics, anesthetics, and cough suppressants
Heroin is used less frequently than many of the other aforementioned drugs

Answer 13

Opioids

Question 14

Two major categories: amphetamines and cocaine
Pattern of onset tend to be different (in particular between prescription amphetamines (Adderall and others used to treat ADHD) and methamphetamine and cocaine (illicit drugs)
As a rule, users increase use over time; a significant number eventually self-limit

Answer 14

Stimulants

Question 15

Immediate, current use can cause signs of intoxication

Answer 15

Stimulant intoxication

Question 16

tachycardia, pupillary dilation, elevated or lowered blood pressure, perspiration or chills, nausea/vomiting, weight loss, psychomotor agitation or retardation, muscle weakness, impaired respiration, chest pain or cardiac arrhythmias, confusion, seizures, and coma can all be caused by

Answer 16

Stimulants

Question 17

use disorder is similar to alcohol use, but with tobacco
Less likely to cause dysfunction

Answer 17

Tobacco