Stupid Plants

Question 2

Describe the formation of a new plant cell

Answer 2

vesicles gather at the middle “cell plate” -> vesicles fuse to form the middle lamella -> daughter cells secrete wall material and separate

Question 3

The division of plant cells create a _____ gradient within cell walls

Answer 3

age gradient

Question 4

Functions of the root system

Answer 4

anchorstoragenutrient absorption

Question 5

An important part of the root system is its large

Answer 5

surface area

Question 6

What is the shoot system of a plant?

Answer 6

leaves, stems, flowers

Question 7

Leaves are the _____ of photosynthesis

Answer 7

chief organs

Question 8

Functions of the stems

Answer 8

hold and display the leaves to the sunconnections and transport of materials

Question 9

radicle

Answer 9

embryonic root

Question 10

The primary root is also called the

Answer 10

taproot

Question 11

The taproot grows outward by extending

Answer 11

lateral roots

Question 12

taproot + lateral roots =

Answer 12

taproot system

Question 13

adventitious roots

Answer 13

shallow roots growing from ground level or below

Question 14

Fibrous root system

Answer 14

numerous thin roots

Question 15

Prop-roots are

Answer 15

just thicker roots that “prop” the plant up

Question 16

Shoots are composed of repeating modules called

Answer 16

phytomers

Question 17

List the parts of a phytomer

Answer 17

Node, internode, leaves, axullary buds

Question 18

What is a node?

Answer 18

where a leaf attaches to a stem

Question 19

what is an internode

Answer 19

the interval of stem between two nodes

Question 20

what is an axillary bud?

Answer 20

little bulges that form the angle where the leaf meets the stem. They can grow more branches

Question 21

What is the terminal bud?

Answer 21

the bud at the end of a stem/branch at the top of the plant

Question 22

What is the primary site of photosynthesis

Answer 22

leaves

Question 23

stem of the leave is called the

Answer 23

petiole

Question 24

Cells have a central _____ that takes up about 90% of the cells volume

Answer 24

vacuole

Question 25

What is the tonoplast?

Answer 25

vacuolar membrane

Question 26

middle lamella is

Answer 26

the glue-like substance between the cell plates, thin layer between the walls of two daughter cells

Question 27

The primary cell wall is the ____ layer and the secondary is the ___ layer

Answer 27

outerinner

Question 28

The primary cell wall is made of __ types of polysaccharides and what are they

Answer 28

3: cellulose, hemicelluolse, pectins

Question 29

Cell wall cellulose contain

Answer 29

microfibrils

Question 30

The protoplast is

Answer 30

The plant cell plasma membrane and everything inside

Question 31

When cell expansion stops, the _____ cell wall forms

Answer 31

secondary

Question 32

What is lignin

Answer 32

the type of cellulose for the secondary wall. It also "lignifies" the middle lamella and primary wall as well

Question 33

What is plasmodesmata

Answer 33

cytoplasm filled canals for communication between plant cells

Question 34

basal-apical axis

Answer 34

arrangement of cells and tissues along main axis from root to shoot

Question 35

radial axis

Answer 35

concentric arrangement of tissue systems

Question 36

meristems are

Answer 36

undifferentiated cells that perform all post-embryonic development

Question 37

When a daughter cell produces a supporting structure its called the

Answer 37

suspensor

Question 38

Cotyledons are

Answer 38

the first leaves of a germinating plant

Question 39

Shoot and root apical midstems are

Answer 39

sites where the plant will continue to grow

Question 40

The plant body is constructed from how many tissue systems and name them

Answer 40

3dermalvascularground

Question 41

Describe the dermal tissue system

Answer 41

makes up the epidermis of the plant1-cell layer

Question 42

3 special cells of the epidermis

Answer 42

stomatal guard cellstrichomesroot hairs

Question 43

What are stomatal guard cells

Answer 43

(stomata) pores for gas exchange

Question 44

What are trichones

Answer 44

leave hairs that provide protection

Question 45

what are root hairs

Answer 45

hairs that increase surface area for more nutrient uptake

Question 46

What is the cuticle?

Answer 46

outer waxy protective layer to prevent water loss and protection

Question 47

The ground tissue system is

Answer 47

all tissue lying between the dermal and vascular tissue

Question 48

T/F: the ground tissue system makes up most of the plant body

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Functions of the ground tissue system

Answer 49

storage, support, photosynthesis

Question 50

3 cell types of the ground tissue system

Answer 50

parenchyma - storage and photosynthesiscollenchyma - flexibilitysclerenchyma - support

Question 51

The vascular system takes care of

Answer 51

plumbing and transport

Question 52

2 parts of the vascular system

Answer 52

xylem and phloem

Question 53

The xylem contains conducting cells called _____ and what are they

Answer 53

tracheary elementstreacheids and vessel elements

Question 54

describe tracheids

Answer 54

zig-zag type flow up the cells by pitscame before vessel elements

Question 55

pits

Answer 55

areas where plasmodesmata lieallow the flow up the tracheids

Question 56

Water flow in elements goes

Answer 56

straight up

Question 57

both treacheary elements of the xylem are functioning when the cells are \_\_\_. Why?

Answer 57

Dead. So there is space in the cells for water to move through. No obstruction

Question 58

The phloem's function is to

Answer 58

transport nutrients (not water)

Question 59

sieve tube elements are

Answer 59

the cells of the phloem

Question 60

The difference between the growth of animals and plants is that plants grow

Answer 60

indeterminantly

Question 61

Primary growth is

Answer 61

the lengthening to branches/stems/roots

Question 62

Secondary growth is

Answer 62

increase of thickness / roundness/ widening/ horizontally (aka girth)

Question 63

primary growth = _____ plant bodysecondary growth = ___ plant body

Answer 63

primarysecondary

Question 64

\_\_\_\_\_ are the plants equivalent to an animals stem cell

Answer 64

initials

Question 65

Two type of meristems that contribute to adult growth

Answer 65

apical and lateral meristems

Question 66

Apical meristems orchestrate

Answer 66

primary growth (elongation)

Question 67

Lateral meristems take care of

Answer 67

secondary growth

Question 68

2 later meristems are

Answer 68

vascular cambiumcork cambium

Question 69

The meristem that grows leaves/branches/etcThe meristem that grows roots

Answer 69

Shoot apicalRoot apical

Question 70

The meristems that specifically grows leaves

Answer 70

vegitative meristem

Question 71

The meristem that grows flowers/buds

Answer 71

influorescence meristem

Question 72

What is the primary meristem and name each type of primary meristem

Answer 72

A set of cylindrical meristems in both the shoot and root apical meristems1-protoderm2-ground meristem3-procambium

Question 73

Name each primary primary meristem and each tissue system it correlates to

Answer 73

protoderm - dermalground meristem - groundprocambium- vascular

Question 74

The end of the root apical meristem is the

Answer 74

root cap

Question 75

What does the root cap do?

Answer 75

protects the roots as they grow downward

Question 76

the apical and primary meristems make the \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 76

zone of cell division

Question 77

What is the zone of cell division

Answer 77

the source of all of the root's primary tissues

Question 78

What is above the zone of cell division

Answer 78

its the zone of cell elongation

Question 79

above the zone of cell elongation there is the

Answer 79

zone of maturation

Question 80

at the zone of maturation the plant cells

Answer 80

differentiate/ specialize

Question 81

The cortex is devolped from the ___ tissues and functions as \_\_\_\_

Answer 81

ground tissues, storage

Question 82

What is the endodermis

Answer 82

The inner most layer of cortex cells

Question 83

T/F: the endodermis is waterproof

Answer 83

True

Question 84

The vascular cylindar in plants is called the

Answer 84

stele

Question 85

The stele consists of what three tisues

Answer 85

pericyclexylemphloem

Question 86

What does the pericycle do

Answer 86

has undifferentiated cells that takes care of secondary growth and transport

Question 87

what is the pith?

Answer 87

region of parenchyma cells, the center of the root/stem

Question 88

The vascular tissues of the stem are divided into

Answer 88

vascular bundles

Question 89

photosynthetic parenchyma of the leaf

Answer 89

mesophyll

Question 90

What procues the waxy covering of the cells in secondary growth

Answer 90

cork cambium

Question 91

The secondary derThe vmal tissue is called the

Answer 91

periderm

Question 92

Elongation/expansion of cells require what pressure?

Answer 92

turgor

Question 93

Major increase of cell size occurs in the

Answer 93

vacuole

Question 94

apoplastic

Answer 94

Movment through water channels (empty space)Cells are dead a maturity

Question 95

What component thickens stems and roots?

Answer 95

vascular cambium

Question 96

symplastic

Answer 96

movement through the protoplast. must move like this to enter endoderm-provides selectivity for nutrients/ions

Question 97

Stomata open in

Answer 97

light or low CO2

Question 98

Stomata close in

Answer 98

high stress or high CO2