Evolution Flashcards
Genotype
Hereditary material - genetic I strict ions for the development of an organism
Does genotype fully or partly determine an organism’s characteristics
Only partly
Phenotype
Physical expression of the genotype
Two parts an organism is partitioned into
Genotype and phenotype
What three things must the phenotype provide?
Growth and reproduction (G)Protection (P)Fecundity (F)
When an organism concentrates more on one trait (F,P,G) its called a
tradeoff
Gene pool is
an abstract assemblage of all genes in a population
To find the gene frequency for a certain gene
divide the # of the specific gene bye the total # of organisms
How would you find the gene frequency the second generation?
Total # of gene in second gen by total produced in 2nd gen
The measure of biological “success” of a genotype is
Fitness (Darwinian/abbreviated)
What is fitness?
the number of genome copies an organism places into the next generation
To find fitness…
divide the number of reproduced genes by the # of starting
What determines if a phenotype will predominate in a population?
The higher the fitness frequency
Is fitness an intrinsic characteristic of an organism? (explain)
No, it is a measure of the match between the characteristics of an organism and the conditions/demands of the environment
Does one attribute of an organism/phenotype determine fitness?
No, it is the combination of everything relative to the demands of the government
What is the function of the phenotype?
To transport as many gene copies as possible from one generation to the next (gene transport machine)
Why can we conclude that organisms are designed to be good gene transport machines? (*important*)
The organisms genotypes code for phenotypes that transport more gene copies to the next generation, eventually dominating in a population
From a genetic sense, the process of natural selection is…
changes in the realtive frequencies of different genes due to survival and fecundity diffferences
“throw away survival machines”
When genes jump through time within organisms
Organism-based view
genes are blueprints for converting an egg to organism
Gene-based view
organisms are short-lived vessels made by long-lived genes to go through time and space
Some genes are _____ that don’t code for phenotypes
parasitic transposable elements
Which is easier to understand evolution with?Gene based or organism based view?
Gene based view
Do phenotypes evolve because they are good for the species?
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