EEMB 3: Animals - Arthropods

Question 2

What group of animals dominate the animal kingdom? Why?

Answer 2

AthropodsThey are the most successful and the most diverse

Question 3

Athropods branch from what linage of animals?

Answer 3

Ecdysozoans

Question 4

What is the key characteristic of arthropods?

Answer 4

the epidermis is made of a chitinous exoskeleton

Question 5

Jointed appendages first appear in ___. What era?

Answer 5

trilobitesPaleozoic Era

Question 6

What is the event that wiped out almost 90% of the species on earth?

Answer 6

Great Permian Extinction

Question 7

3 key characteristics of arthropods

Answer 7

rigid exoskeletonsegmentationjointed appendages

Question 8

Why are joined appendages so great?

Answer 8

they can be modified for different functions(specialization)

Question 9

The major theme in arthropod evolution

Answer 9

specialization

Question 10

The exoskeleton is ____ layered, made of ____ which is a polysaccaride

Answer 10

multi-layeredchitin

Question 11

Jointed appendages are moved by ______

Answer 11

muscles attached to the rigid surface

Question 12

Attributes of the exoskeleton that led to its large impact

Answer 12

Support on dry land (allowed to move to terrestrial environments)Waterproof

Question 13

What is the scientific word for molting?

Answer 13

Ecdysis

Question 14

Molting is under the control of ____ which is produced by what organ?

Answer 14

hormonesY-organ

Question 15

The hormone that causes ecdysis is called

Answer 15

ecdysteroid

Question 16

Two ways the old cuticle is disposed of

Answer 16

partially digested by enzymesbody swells and breaks out

Question 17

Muscles in arthropods are smooth or striated?

Answer 17

striated

Question 18

Arthropods have and open or close circulatory system?

Answer 18

open (heart)

Question 19

What is diagnostic of arthropods in terms of the circulatory system?

Answer 19

the “heart with ostia”

Question 20

What cell type carries oxygen in the blood of arthropods?

Answer 20

Hemocyanin

Question 21

Gas exchange in arthropods happen through ___. Which type is the one exception and what does it use instead?

Answer 21

tracheaspiders- book lungs

Question 22

The 4 major groups of arthropods

Answer 22

CrustaceaHexapoda (Insecta)MyriapodaChelicerata (Arachnids)

Question 23

Which group is the most dominant marine arthropod?

Answer 23

Crustacea(Decapods, isopods, amphipods, cepepods, barnacles)

Question 24

Crustaceans are divided into what 3 parts

Answer 24

headthoraxabdomen

Question 25

What structure covers the head and thorax of the crustaceans

Answer 25

the carapace

Question 26

Crustaceans have _____ larvae

Answer 26

naupilus

Question 27

T/F: crustaceans don’t have chromatophores

Answer 27

False!

Question 28

What may be the most abundant animal on the planet?

Answer 28

Copepods (zooplankton)

Question 29

Where does “marine snow” come from?

Answer 29

poop of copepods

Question 30

Most successful isopods?

Answer 30

Rolly pollies (sow/pill bug)

Question 31

Barnacles are _______ and have a very large _____

Answer 31

hermaphrodtic long penis

Question 32

First animals to develop flight

Answer 32

hexapods

Question 33

Hexapods have 3 pairs of _____ on the _____

Answer 33

appendagesthorax

Question 34

Trachea maximizses _____ over which respiratory gas exchange and occur

Answer 34

body surface area

Question 35

What are the openings on the surface on insects for respiration

Answer 35

spiracles

Question 36

Insects equivalent of human kidneys (nephron tubes)

Answer 36

Malpighian tubules

Question 37

How is the development in wingless insects

Answer 37

Babies look like mini adults

Question 38

What are instars?

Answer 38

the molten shell of insects (just that the insect needs to molt a lot to develop)

Question 39

Pterygote insects are what type of bugs?

Answer 39

winged insects

Question 40

The development of Pterygote insects involve the ___ and adult stage

Answer 40

larval

Question 41

Three groups of Pterygotes involve

Answer 41

ones that cannot hid wingsones that can but don’t go through complete metamorphasisones that can hide wings and do complete metamorphasis

Question 42

The only insect that cannot fold its wings (common and scientific names)

Answer 42

dragonflies/damselflies (predators-aquatic larvae) Odontata

Question 43

Most winged insects fall under which category of Pterygotes?

Answer 43

Ones that fold wings and undergo complete metamorphosis

Question 44

Examples of the group Chelicerates

Answer 44

spiders, scropions, mites, horeshoe crabs, “sea spiders”

Question 45

Distinct body regions for chelicerates

Answer 45

abdomen and cephalothorax

Question 46

At the anterior of the cephalothorax, there are mouth parts called. They lack ____

Answer 46

cheliceraemandibles

Question 47

Sea spiders fall under class

Answer 47

Pycnogonida

Question 48

Describe sea spiders

Answer 48

small bodies with long legs, complete digestive system with a sucker for a mouth

Question 49

In spiders, chelicerae are modified into ___ that have ___. Therefore all spiders are

Answer 49

fangspoison glandspredators

Question 50

How do spiders make webs?

Answer 50

silk glands

Question 51

How are spiders better at detecting motion?

Answer 51

They have simple eyes

Question 52

The horseshoe crabs fall under what group chelicerates. What significance do they have?

Answer 52

MerstomataUsed for medical purposes for bacterial infections

Question 53

What is different about the body plan of Myriapods

Answer 53

only two parts(head and trunk)

Question 54

Myriapods have which two groups of arthropods?

Answer 54

Centipedes (carnivores) - 1 pair of legs per segmentMilipedes (scavegers/herbivores) - 2 pairs of legs per segment

Question 55

Wings most likely evolved from ____

Answer 55

gills

Question 56

How are wings ecologically successful?

Answer 56

escape, distribution, new frontiers