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Bio Repeater 2023 > Structural organisation in Animals > Flashcards

Structural organisation in Animals Flashcards

1
Q

The epithelium which functions as a lining of body cavities, ducts, and tubes is

A

Simple epithelium

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2
Q

Which epithelium is involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary?

A

Squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Name two locations where squamous epithelium are found

A

Walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs

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4
Q

Name two epitheliums which help in secretion and absorption?

A

cuboidal epithelium and columnar epithelium

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5
Q

Cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in ___ and ___

A

ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys

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6
Q

The epithelium of which part of nephron in the kidney has microvilli?

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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7
Q

The columnar epithelium is found in the lining of ___ and ___

A

stomach and intestine

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8
Q

The epithelium which helps in the movement of particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium is

A

ciliated epithelium

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9
Q

The ciliated epithelium are mainly present in the inner surface of __

A

hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes

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10
Q

Where are unicellular glandular epithelium found?

A

goblet cells of the alimentary canal

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11
Q

Where are multicellular glandular epithelium found?

A

salivary gland

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12
Q

Name six products secreted by exocrine glands

A

mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes

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13
Q

The epithelium which provides protection against chemical and mechanical stresses is

A

compound epithelium

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14
Q

Compound epithelium covers the dry surface of __

A

skin

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15
Q

Compound epithelium is present in the inner lining of ducts of __ and ____

A

salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts

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16
Q

Compound epithelium covers the moist surface of ___ and ____

A

buccal cavity and pharynx

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17
Q

Which type of cell junction helps to stop substances from leaking across a tissue?

A

Tight junctions

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18
Q

Which type of cell junction performs cementing to keep neighbouring cells together?

A

Adhering junctions

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19
Q

Which type of cell junction facilitate the cytoplasmic communication between contacting cells?

A

Gap junctions

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20
Q

Although blood is a connective tissue, its cells do not secrete fibres of structural proteins called ___

A

collagen or elastin

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21
Q

Which type of connective tissue serves as a support framework for epithelium?

A

areolar tissue

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22
Q

Name three cells that are present in the areolar tissue

A

fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells

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23
Q

Which two types of connective tissues are located mainly beneath the skin?

A

Adipose tissue & areolar tissue

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24
Q

The cells of which type of tissue are specialised to store fats

A

Adipose tissue

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25
Which type of tissue attach skeletal muscles to bones?
Tendons
26
Which type of tissue attach one bone to another?
ligaments
27
The intercellular material of which type of connective tissue is solid and pliable and resists compression?
cartilage
28
What are the cells of cartilage called as?
chondrocytes
29
Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are replaced by which type of tissue in adults?
bones
30
Give four locations where cartilages are present
tip of nose, outer ear joints, between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs and hands in adults
31
What are the cells of bone called ?
osteocytes
32
The bone cells are present in the spaces called __
lacunae
33
What is the function served by the limb bones, such as the long bones of the legs?
weight-bearing functions
34
What is the site of production of blood cells in bone?
bone marrow
35
The smooth muscle fibres are held togeher by cell junctions that bundle them together in a _______ tissue sheath.
connective
36
Where are smooth muscles present?
wall of internal organs
37
Cell junctions fuse the plasma membranes of which type of tissue and make them stick together?
Cardiac muscle tissue
38
Communication junctions which at some fusion points allow the cells to contract as a unit are known as
intercalated discs
39
Which cell makes up more than one half the volume of neural tissue in the body?
Neuroglia
40
Which cell makes up more than one half the volume of neural tissue in the body?
Neuroglia
41
The size range of Cockroaches is?
¼ inches to 3 inches (0.6-7.6 cm)
42
The scientific name of Cockroach
Periplaneta americana
43
The length of adults in the common species of cockroach is
34-53 mm long
44
The entire body of coackroach is covered by
hard chitinous exoskeleton
45
What do the hardened plates present in the exoskeleton in each segment of cockroach called?
sclerites
46
The sclerites present dorsally are called
tergites
47
The sclerites present ventrally are called
sternites
48
The thin and flexible articular membrane which join each sclerites together is called?
arthrodial membrane
49
How many segments are fused to form the head of cockroach?
six
50
The upper lip of cockroaches is called
labrum
51
Ther lower lip of cockroaches is called
labium
52
The mouthparts of cockroach consisting of a pair of ___ and ___
mandibles and maxillae
53
A median flexible lobe which acts as tongue is called?
hypopharynx
54
The head is connected with thorax by a short extension of the _______ known as the neck.
prothorax
55
Each _____ segment bears a pair of walking legs.
thoracic
56
From where the first pair of wings arises?
mesothorax
57
From where the second pair of wings arises?
metathorax
58
Forewings (mesothoracic) which are opaque dark and leathery are called ___
tegmina
59
Wings which are used in flight are called
hind wings
60
How many segments are present in the abdomen in both males and females?
10 segments
61
In females, which sternum is boat shaped?
7th sternum
62
In female cockroaches, the 7th sternum together with the 8th and 9th sterna forms ___
brood or genital pouch
63
The anterior part of genital pouch consists of ___, ___ and ___
female gonopore, spermathecal pores and collateral glands
64
In males, genital pouch lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded dorsally by
9th and 10th terga
65
In males, genital pouch lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded ventrally by
9th sternum
66
The male genital pouch consists of ___, ___ and ___
dorsal anus, ventral male genital pore and gonapophysis
67
The structure present in males but absent in females is
anal styles
68
In both sexes, the 10th segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called
anal cerci
69
A sac like structure in cockroach which is used for storing of food
crop
70
Gizzard is also known as
proventriculus
71
The structure in cockroach which helps in grinding the food particles is called
gizzard
72
How many teeth are present in cockroach?
six
73
A ring of 6-8 blind tubules which is present at the junction of foregut and midgut is called
hepatic or gastric caeca
74
How many yellow colored bodies are present at the junction of midgut and hindgut?
100-150
75
A ring of yellow coloured thin filamentous which help in removal of excretory products from haemolymph is called
Malpighian tubules
76
Blood in cockroach is called
haemolymph
77
Blood vascular system of cockroach is ________ type
open
78
Blood vessels in cockroach open into space called
haemocoel
79
Which organs are located in the haemocoel and are bathed in blood?
Visceral organs
80
Heart of cockroach lies along the
mid dorsal line of thorax and abdomen
81
Blood from sinuses enter heart through
ostia
82
The network of trachea open through 10 pairs of small holes which are called
spiracles
83
The opening of the spiracles is regulated by the
sphincters
84
Which type of cells lined each malpighian tubule ?
glandular and ciliated cells
85
The uric acid is excreted out through _____
hindgut
86
What type of excretion is performed by cockroches?
uricotelic
87
Name the four structures which help in excretion
Malpighian tubules, fat body, nephrocytes and urecose glands
88
How many ganglia lie in the thorax?
3
89
How many ganglia lie in the abdomen?
6
90
Which ganglion supplies nerves to antennae and compound eyes?
supra-oesophageal
91
At which surface of head, the compound eyes are situated
dorsal surface
92
How many hexagonal ommatidia are present in each eye?
2000
93
Which structure helps a cockroach to receive several images of an object?
several ommatidia
94
Nocturnal vision in a cockroach is a type of
Mosaic vision
95
In cockroaches, both sexes have well developed reproductive organs It is known as
dioecious
96
In which segment, a pair of testes is present?
4th -6th abdominal segments-
97
Male gonopore is situated ____ to anus
ventral
98
In which segment, a characteristic mushroomshaped gland which functions as an accessory reproductive gland present ?
6th-7th abdominal segments
99
What does the chitinous asymmetrical structures, surrounding the male gonopore called?
male gonapophysis or phallomere
100
Sperms are glued together in the form of bundles It is called
spermatophores
101
In which segment, the two large ovaries lie laterally?
2nd – 6th abdominal segments
102
How many group of ovarian tubules or ovarioles forms each ovary?
Eight
103
In which segment, a pair of spermatheca is present?
6th segment
104
The fertilised eggs are encased in capsules called
oothecae
105
What is the length of ootheca?
3/8" (8 mm) long
106
How many ootheca are produced by females on an average?
9-10
107
How many eggs are present in each oothecae?
14-16
108
The development of P americana is through nymphal stage It is called
paurometabolous
109
How many times the nymph grows by moulting to reach the adult form?
13 times

Bio Repeater 2023 (23 decks)

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