Biotechnology and its applications Flashcards
Biotechnology can be employed to increase food production by using agro-chemical based, ____ and ____ crop-based agriculture
organic; genetically engineered
The revolution that helped in increasing food supply was:
Green revolution
Increased Yields have partly been due to the use of improved crop varieties, but mainly due to the use of better _____ and use of _____
management practices ; agrochemicals
Agrochemicals used to increase crop yield during Green revolution were - ____ and ____
fertilisers; pesticides
Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
Genetic modification has made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses like :
cold, drought, salt and heat
___ has helped to reduce post harvest losses
Genetic modification
Vitamin ‘A’ enriched rice is
Golden rice
GM has been used to create tailor made plants to supply alternative resources to industries, in the form of ____, ___ and ___
starches, fuels and pharmaceuticals
Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called :
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the ___
bacteria
Some strains of ___ produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans
Bacilus thuringiensis
Lepidopterans that can be killed by Bt toxins are ____ and ___
Tobacco budworm; armyworm
Bt toxin is used to kill coleopterans like
beetles
Dipterans like flies and mosquitoes can be killed by :
Bt toxin
Bt toxin protein exists as ____ in Bacillus
inactive protoxins
Complementary dsRNA in RNAi is provided by an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or ______
mobile genetic elements/ transposons
In mammals, including humans, insulin is synthesised as a _____
pro-hormone
Insulin pro-hormone contains an extra peptide called the :
C peptide
In 1983, an American company that prepared recombinant insulin was
Eli Lily
A and B chains of human insulin were introduced in plasmids of ____ to produce insulin chains
E.coli
____ is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo
Gene therapy
The first clinical gene therapy was given in ___ to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
1990
The first clinical gene therapy was given to a patient with _____ deficiency
adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency