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Bio Repeater 2023 > Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Further development of the floral primordium forms _______ which bear the floral buds and then the flowers.

A

Inflorescences

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2
Q

To a biologist, flowers are morphological and embryological marvels and the sites of _______________

A

Sexual reproduction

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3
Q

In the flower the male and female reproductive structures, the ___________ and the ___________ respectively differentiate and develop.

A

androecium; gynoecium

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4
Q

The female reproductive organ is represented by?

A

Gynoecium

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5
Q

The androecium consists of a whorl of:-

A

Stamen

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6
Q

The long and slender stalk of a stamen is called

A

Filament

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7
Q

The terminal structure at the top of the stamen is called

A

Anther

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8
Q

The proximal end of the filament is attached to the __________

A

Thalamus or petal

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9
Q

A typical angiosperm anther is ______ with each lobe having two theca.

A

bilobed

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10
Q

A stamen with two anther lobes is called

A

bilobed

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11
Q

The anther is a four-sided (tetragonal) structure consisting of four _________ located at the corners, two in each lobe.

A

Microsporangia

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12
Q

The microsporangia develop further and become:-

A

pollen sacs

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13
Q

A typical microsporangium appears near __________ in outline

A

circular

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14
Q

Name the four wall layers of microsporangium.

A

Epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and tapetum

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15
Q

Cells of_______ possess dense cytoplasm & generally have more than one nucleus.

A

Tapetum

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16
Q

The innermost wall layer of microsporangium is

A

Tapetum

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17
Q

When the anther is young, a group of compactly arranged homogenous cells called the _________________ occupies the centre of each microsporangium

A

Sporogenous tissue

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18
Q

As the anther develops, the cells of the sporogenous tissue undergo meiotic divisions to form?

A

Microspore tetrads

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19
Q

The process of formation of microspores from a pollen mother cell (PMC) through meiosis is called?

A

microsporogenesis

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20
Q

The ____________ represent the male gametophytes

A

Pollen grains

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21
Q

The hard outer layer of pollen grains is called the

A

Exine

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22
Q

No enzyme that degrades _____________ is so far known

A

Sporopollenin

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23
Q

Pollen grain exine has prominent apertures called

A

Germ pores

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24
Q

The inner wall of the pollen grain is called the ___________

A

Intine

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25
Q

When the pollen grain is mature it contains two cells, the ______________ and ________________

A

Vegetative cell and generative cell

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26
Q

In some cereals such as rice and wheat, pollen grains lose viability within _____ minutes of their release

A

30

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27
Q

Name the plant families which can maintain pollen viability for several months

A

Rosaceae, Leguminoseae and Solanaceae

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28
Q

Each pistil has three parts, namely-

A

The stigma, style and ovary

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29
Q

The _________ serves as a landing platform for pollen grains

A

Stigma

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30
Q

When the gynoecium consists of a single pistil, it is known as

A

Monocarpellary

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31
Q

When the gynoecium consists of more than one pistil, it is known as

A

Multicarpellary

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32
Q

when pistils are fused together, it is called?

A

Syncarpous

33
Q

When the pistils are free, it is called:-

A

Apocarpous

34
Q

Each pistil has three parts, the part which comes first is known as

A

Stigma

35
Q

The _____ is located inside the ovarian cavity.

A

Placenta

36
Q

Arising from the placenta are the __________, commonly called ovules.

A

Megasporangia

37
Q

The ovule is a small structure attached to the placenta by means of a stalk called?

A

Funicle

38
Q

The body of the ovule fuses with funicle in the region called?

A

Hilum

39
Q

Each ovule has one or two protective envelopes called?

A

Integuments

40
Q

Integuments encircle the nucellus except at the tip where a small opening called the ____________ is organised.

A

Micropyle

41
Q

_____ represents the basal part of the ovule.

A

Chalaza

42
Q

Enclosed within the integuments is a mass of cells called the _________

A

Nucellus

43
Q

Name the structure located in the nucellus.

A

Embryo sac or Female gametophyte

44
Q

The process of formation of megaspores from the megaspore mother cell is called?

A

Megasporogenesis

45
Q

Only the functional megaspore develops into the __________________

A

Female gametophyte

46
Q

In a majority of flowering plants, one of the megaspores is functional while the other ______ degenerate

A

three

47
Q

The method of embryo sac formation from a single megaspore is termed _____________ development

A

Monosporic

48
Q

A typical angiosperm embryo sac, at maturity, though 8-nucleate is ____-celled

A

7

49
Q

Three cells are grouped together at the micropylar end and constitute?

A

Egg apparatus

50
Q

The egg apparatus consists of how many cells?

A

Two synergids and one egg cell

51
Q

The synergids have special cellular thickenings at the micropylar tip called?

A

Filiform apparatus

52
Q

Name three types of pollination.

A

Autogamy, Geitonogamy and Xenogamy.

53
Q

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower is called

A

Autogamy

54
Q

The flowers which are similar to flowers of other species with exposed anther and stigma are called?

A

Chasmogamous

55
Q

Bisexual flowers which do not open at all are called

A

Cleistogamous

56
Q

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called

A

Geitonogamy

57
Q

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a different plant is called

A

Xenogamy

58
Q

Name two agents of pollination

A

Biotic agents and abiotic agents.

59
Q

Plants use _____ abiotic agents and _____ biotic agent to achieve pollination.

A

Two (wind and water) and one (animals)

60
Q

Pollination by ______ is more common amongst abiotic pollinations

A

wind

61
Q

What are the biotic agents for pollination?

A

Animals

62
Q

Some examples of water pollinated plants which grow in fresh water are-

A

Vallisneria and hydrilla

63
Q

Give an example of marine plant in which pollination occurs by water?

A

Zostera

64
Q

In _____________, the female flower reach the surface of water by the long stalk

A

Vallisneria

65
Q

Name some common biotic pollinating agents.

A

Bees, butterflies, flies, beetles, wasps, ants, moths, birds and bats

66
Q

Among the animals, insects, particularly _______ are the dominant biotic pollinating agents

A

bees

67
Q

What are the usual floral rewards for insect pollinators?

A

nectar and pollen grains

68
Q

The devices which discourage self-pollination and encourage cross-pollination are called?

A

Outbreeding devices

69
Q

If the female parent bears bisexual flowers, removal of anthers from the flower bud before the anther dehisces using a pair of forceps is necessary. This step is referred to as:-

A

Emasculation

70
Q

Emasculated flowers have to be covered with a bag of suitable size, generally made up of butter paper, to prevent contamination of its stigma with unwanted pollen. This process is called?

A

Bagging

71
Q

The other male gamete moves towards the two polar nuclei located in the central cell and fuses with them to produce a triploid:-

A

Primary endosperm nucleus (PEN).

72
Q

After double fertilization, events of endosperm and embryo development, maturation of ovules into seeds and ovary into fruits, are collectively termed as

A

Post fertilization events.

73
Q

A typical dicotyledonous embryo, consists of an __________________ and _______________________

A

Embryonal axis and two cotyledons.

74
Q

The portion of embryonal axis above the level of cotyledons is called?

A

Epicotyl

75
Q

The portion of embryonal axis below the level of cotyledons is called?

A

Hypocotyl

76
Q

In the grass family, the cotyledon is called?

A

Scutellum

77
Q

In monocotyledon embryos, at its lower end, the embryonal axis has the radical and root cap enclosed in an undifferentiated sheath called ________.

A

Coleorrhiza

78
Q

Epicotyl has a shoot apex and a few leaf primordia enclosed in a hollow foliar structure, the ______.

A

Coleoptile

79
Q

What is the final product of sexual reproduction in angiosperms?

A

Seed

Bio Repeater 2023 (23 decks)

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