Respiration in Plants Flashcards
1
Q
Green plants and cyanobacteria prepare their own food by the process of
A
Photosynthesis
2
Q
Photosynthesis in plants is limited to cells containing ____________
A
Chloroplasts
3
Q
The mode of nutrition in animals is
A
Heterotrophic
4
Q
An example of saprophyte is
A
Fungi
5
Q
The organisms which are dependent on dead and decaying matter for nutrition are called
A
Saprophytes
6
Q
The mechanism of breakdown of food materials within the cell to release energy is called
A
Cellular respiration
7
Q
Energy released by respiration is stored in the form of
A
ATP
8
Q
Photosynthesis in eukaryotes occurs in ____________
A
Chloroplasts
9
Q
In eukaryotes, the breakdown of complex molecules to yield energy takes place in ______________ and ___________
A
Cytoplasm and mitochondria
10
Q
The breaking of the C–C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells, leading to release of considerable amount of energy is called
A
Respiration
11
Q
The compounds that are oxidised during respiration are known as
A
Respiratory substrates
12
Q
The biomolecule majorly used as a respiratory substrate is
A
Carbohydrates
13
Q
Energy is released by the process of ____________ during respiration.
A
Oxidation
14
Q
The energy currency of the cell is
A
ATP
15
Q
Respiration in plants occur with the help of
A
Oxygen
16
Q
The structures in plants responsible for gaseous exchange are
A
Stomata and lenticels
17
Q
The living cells beneath the bark have openings for gaseous exchange called
A
Lenticels
18
Q
Interconnected network of air spaces is provided by loose packing of which cells in leaves, stems and roots?
A
Parenchyma
19
Q
The combustion of glucose produces ___________ and ________ along with energy
A
Carbon dioxide and water
20
Q
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid is called
A
Glycolysis
21
Q
Glycolysis is also called
A
EMP pathway
22
Q
The scheme of glycolysis was given by the contribution of
A
Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof and J. Parnas
23
Q
The only process of respiration in anaerobic organisms is
A
Glycolysis
24
Q
In glycolysis, glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of
A
Pyruvic acid
25
In plants, glucose is usually derived from
Sucrose
26
The end product of photosynthesis is
Sucrose
27
The enzyme that converts sucrose to glucose is
Invertase
28
The monosaccharides that readily enter glycolytic pathway is
Glucose and fructose
29
Glucose/fructose is phosphorylated to form
Glucose-6-phosphate
30
The enzyme responsible for phosphorylating glucose/fructose is
Hexokinase
31
Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-6-phosphate by the process of
Isomerization
32
Total number of reactions occuring in glycolysis are
10
33
Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate requires utilization of
ATP
34
In glycolysis, ATP is required for conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to
Fructose 1,6-bisphospate
35
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate splits into
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
36
PGAL is converted to
1, 3-bisphosphoglyceric acid
37
In glycolysis, NADH + H+ is formed from NAD+ during synthesis of ____________
1, 3-bisphosphoglyceric acid
38
Two redox equivalents are removed in the form of two hydrogen atoms from which compound and transferred to a molecule of NAD+?
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
39
BPGA is converted into
3-phosphoglyceric acid
40
Energy in glycolysis is yielded in the form of ATP during synthesis of
1) BPGA to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
2) PEP to pyruvic acid
41
The compound directly converted into pyruvic acid is
Phosphoenol pyruvate
42
The key product of glycolysis is
Pyruvic acid
43
The process that takes place for oxidation of glucose under anaerobic conditions in many prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes is
Fermentation
44
The process of incomplete oxidation of glucose in yeast is called
Fermentation
45
During fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into ____________ and __________
Carbon dioxide and ethanol
46
Sets of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted to CO2 and ethanol are catalysed by __________ and _________
Pyruvic acid decarboxylase ; alcohol dehydrogenase
47
The process of production of ethanol during fermentation is catalysed by
Alcohol dehydrogenase
48
Other organisms like some bacteria produce ________ from pyruvic acid.
lactic acid
49
Conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid is catalysed by
Lactate dehydrogenase
50
The reducing agent in fermentation is
NADH + H+
51
The % of energy in glucose released by fermentation is less than ______
7%
52
Yeasts poison itself to death when concentration of alcohol reaches _______%
13%
53
Aerobic respiration in eukaryotes occur in
Mitochondria
54
The process of complete oxidation of organic substances in presence of oxygen to release CO2, water and energy is called
Aerobic respiration
55
For aerobic respiration to take place, pyruvate is transported from the cytoplasm to
Mitochondria
56
The complete oxidation of pyruvate leaving three molecules of CO2 is the crucial step of the process of
Aerobic respiration
57
During aerobic respiration, the passing on of the electrons removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular O2 leads to synthesis of ________
ATP
58
The complete oxidation of pyruvate releasing three molecules of CO2 occurs in
Mitochondrial matrix
59
In which part of mitochondria, synthesis of ATP takes place?
Inner membrane of mitochondria
60
Product formed by glycolytic catabolism of carbohydrates in cytosol is
Pyruvate
61
Pyruvate after entering mitochondrial matrix undergoes the process of
Oxidative decarboxylation
62
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is catalysed by enzyme -
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
63
The coenzymes required by pyruvic dehydrogenase to catalyse the reaction are
NAD+ and CoA
64
Pyruvic acid is converted to CO2, NADH, H+ and ___________ by the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase
Acteyl CoA
65
How many molecules of NADH are produced by oxidative decarboxylation of two molecules of pyruvic acid?
2
66
The compound that enters TCA cycle is
Acetyl CoA
67
TCA cycle was elucidated for the first time by
Hans Krebs
68
TCA cycle starts with the condensation of acetyl group with water and __________
Oxaloacetic acid
69
In TCA, acetyl group condenses with OAA and water to yield _______
Citric acid
70
The reaction of synthesis of citric acid is catalysed by
Citrate synthase
71
Citrate is isomerised to form _________
Citrate is isomerised to form _________
72
Isocitrate is converted to α-ketoglutaric acid and succinyl CoA by two successive steps of _______
Decarboxylation
73
α-ketoglutaric acid is decarboxylated to form _______
Succinyl-CoA
74
A molecule of ______ is synthesised during conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinic acid
GTP
75
Substrate level phosphorylation occurs during synthesis of __________ in TCA cycle
Succinic acid
76
In TCA cycle, NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+ _______ times
Three
77
Succinyl-CoA is converted to Oxaloacetic acid by the process of
Oxidation
78
The continuous oxidation of acetyl CoA via the TCA cycle requires the continued replenishment of ____________
OAA
79
One molecule of pyruvic acid yields ___ molecules of ATP in TCA cycle
One
80
One molecule of glucose is broken down to give ____ and ____ molecules of FADH2 and ATP respectively by aerobic respiration
Two, two
81
Oxidation of NADH + H+ and FADH2 to release energy is accomplished via ____________
Electron transport system
82
The metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another, is called
Electron transport system
83
The location of ETS is
Inner mitochondrial membrane
84
Complex I is
NADH dehydrogenase
85
Electrons from NADH produced during TCA are oxidised by
NADH dehydrogenase/complex I
86
Electrons from complex I are transferred to _______
Ubiquinone
87
Ubiquinone is located in
Inner mitochondrial membrane
88
The carrier which receives reducing equivalents via complex II is
Ubiquinone
89
Protons which are transferred to ETS via complex II were generated in TCA during oxidation of __________
Succinate
90
The reduced ubiquinone gets oxidised with transfer of electrons to cytochrome c via ___________
Cytochrome bc1 complex
91
Complex III is also called
Cytochrome bc1 complex
92
Protein acting as a mobile carrier for transfer of electrons between complex III and IV is
Cytochrome c
93
Complex IV refers to
Cytochrome c oxidase
94
Complex IV is composed of cytochromes -
a and a3
95
In addition to cytochromes, complex IV contains _________
Two copper centres
96
Complex V is called
ATP synthase
97
When the electrons pass from one carrier to another via complex I to IV in the electron transport chain, they are coupled to which complex for the production of ATP?
Complex V (ATP synthase)
98
Oxidation of one molecule of NADH gives rise to how many molecules of ATP?
3
99
Oxidation of one molecule of FADH2 gives rise to how many molecules of ATP?
2
100
The role of O2 in aerobic respiration is limited to __________ stage of process
Terminal
101
Oxygen in ETS acts as a final ___________
Hydrogen acceptor
102
During photophosphorylation, the energy utilised for production of proton gradient comes from _________
Light
103
During respiration, energy for production of proton gradient required for phosphorylation comes from ____________
Oxidation-reduction reaction
104
ETS is also called
Oxidative phosphorylation
105
The energy released during ETS is utilised in synthesising ATP with the help of ____________
ATP synthase/complex V
106
The two major components of ATP synthase are
F1 and F0
107
The component of complex V that is headpiece is
F1
108
F1 is a _____________ protein complex
Peripheral membrane
109
The part of complex V which contains the site for synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate is
F1
110
F0 is an _____________ protein complex
Integral membrane
111
The part of complex V that forms the channel through which protons cross the inner membrane is
F0
112
The passage of protons through the channel is coupled to the catalytic site of which component of ATP synthase for the production of ATP?
F1
113
For each ATP produced, how many H+ passes through F0 from the intermembrane space to the matrix down the electrochemical proton gradient?
2
114
The three pathways of respiration that occur one after another in an ordered manner are
Glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETS pathway
115
NADH synthesised in glycolysis is transferred into mitochondria to undergo ________
Oxidative phosphorylation
116
The substrate molecule which undergoes respiration is
Glucose
117
The net gain of ATP from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration is
38
118
Partial breakdown of glucose is done by the process of
Fermentation
119
The net gain of ATP for each molecule of glucose in fermentation is
2
120
Fatty acids enter the respiratory pathway after getting degraded to
Acetyl CoA
121
Glycerol enters respiratory pathway after getting converted into
PGAL
122
Amino acids enter respiratory pathway after undergoing _________
Deamination
123
In terms of metabolism, respiration is an _____________ pathway
Amphibolic
124
The ratio of the volume of CO2 evolved to the volume of O2 consumed in respiration is called
Respiratory quoteint
125
Respiratory ratio depends on the types of _____________ used during respiration
Respiratory substrate
126
RQ for carbohydrates is
1
127
When fats are used in respiration, RQ is __________
Less than 1
128
RQ for tripalmitin is
0.7
129
RQ for proteins is
0.9
