Anatomy of Flowering Plants Flashcards
A group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function is
tissue
Plant tissues are divided into two groups, namely
Meristematic and permanent tissues
Growth in plants is largely restricted to specialised regions of active cell division called
Meristems
The meristems which occur at the tip of roots and produce primary tissues called
Apical meristems
Meristem present on the tip of root is called
Root apical meristem
During the formation of leaves and elongation of stem, some cells are left behind from shhot apical meristem, they constitute
axillary bud
The meristem which occurs between mature tissues is known as
intercalary meristem
Grasses possess which type of meristems?
Intercalary meristem
Meristem which contribute to the formation of primary plant body are called
primary meristem
Two primary meristems are
Apical and intercalary meristem
The meristem that occurs in mature regions of roots and shoots of plants and appear later in life than primary meristem are
Secondary/ lateral meristems
Meristem which produce woody axis are
Lateral meristems
Three examples of lateral meristems are
Fascicular vascular cambium, Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium
Newly formed cells which become structurally and functionally specialised and lose ability to divide are called
Permanent cells
Cells of which tissue does not divide further?
Permanent tissues
Permanent tissues having all cells similar in structure and functions are called
simple tissues
Permanent tissues with many different types of cells are called
complex tissues
The simple tissues in plants are
parenchyma, collenchyma and scelerenchyma
Cells of which simple tissue are involved in photosynthesis, storage and secretion?
Parenchyma
Packing of cells in parenchyma tissues is either ___ or may have ____ intercellular spaces
closed, small
Simple tissue of plant which forms major components within organs are
parenchyma
Isodiamteric cells is characteristic of which simple plant tissue?
parenchyma
Walls of parenchymal cells are thin and made up of ____
cellulose
Collenchyma occurs in layers below epidermis in most of the _____ plants
dicotyledonous
Collenchyma has cells thickened at corner due to deposition of
Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
Cells of which simple tissue often contain chloroplasts?
collenchyma and parenchyma (photosynthetic parenchyma)
In collenchyma, intercellular spaces are
Absent
Function of collenchyma is to provide ____ to growing parts of plant
mechanical support
The simple tissue of plant which consists of long, narrow cells with thick and lignified cells walls having a few or numerous pits is -
sclerenchyma
Simple tissue of plant which lacks protoplast and is dead is
sclerenchyma
The elongated, thick walled and pointed cells of sclerenchyma are called
fibres
Sclerenchyma may be present in the form of ____ and ____
fibres or sclereids
The spherical, oval or cylindrical cells with highly thickened walls with narrow lumen of sclerenchyma are called
sclereids
Simple tissue found in fruit walls of nuts is
sclerenchyma
Function of sclerenchyma is to provide ___ to organs in plants
mechanical support
The three examples of sclerenchyma in plants are
Fruit walls of nuts, pulp of guava and leaves of tea
Two types of complex tissue in plants are
xylem and phloem
Conducting tissue foe water and minerals in plants is
Xylem
Four different elements of xylem are, namely
Tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres and parenchyma
The element of xylem which gymnosperms lack are
vessels
Elongated tube-like cells of xylem with thick and lignified walls and tapering ends are
tracheids
All of the xylary elements are dead except :
Xylem parenchyma
Main water transporting elements of xylem in angiosperms are -
Tracheids and vessels
Long cylindrical tube - like structure made up of many cells called vessel members, each with lignified walls and a large central cavity are characteristics of which xylem elements?
Vessels
Presence of which xylem element is characteristic feature of angiosperms?
xylem vessels
___ cells are living and thin - walled, and their cell walls are made up of cellulose
xylem parenchyma
Radia water conduction of water takes place with the help of
ray parenchymatous cells
Protoxylem lie towards centre while metaxylem on the periphery in which plant organ?
stems
The first formed primary xylem is called
Protoxylem
Primary xylem which is formed later is called
metaxylem
The type of primary xylem present in stems is ?
Endarch
In roots, the protoxylem lies towards periphery and metaxylem and lies towards the centre. Such arrangement of primary xylem is called ___
Exarch
In angiosperms, phloem is composed of -
Sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres
Phloem components of gymnosperms include ____ and ____
Albuminous cells and sieve cells
The elements of phloem which are long, tube like structures, arranged longitudinally and are associated with the companion cells are called
Sieve tube elements
Peripheral cytoplasm, a large vacuole but no nucleus are characteristics of which cell of phloem?
Sieve elements
Specialised parenchymatous cells of phloem are called
Companion cells
Companion cells help in maintaining the _____ in sieve tube elements
Pressure gradient
Elongated, tapering cylindrical cells of phloem with cellulosic walls and dense cytoplasm are
phloem parenchyma
Substances like resins, latex, mucilage and other food materials are stored in which tissue?
Phloem parenchyma
The phloem element which is absent in monocots is
phloem parenchyma
Phloem fibres are made up of _____ cells
sclerenchymatous
Phloem fibres are present in ____ phloem
secondary
Phloem fibres of _____, _____ and _____ are used commercially
Jute, hemp and flax
The first formed phloem with narrow sieve tubes is called
protophloem
Primary phloem which has bigger sieve tubes and is formed later is
metaphloem
Epidermal tissue system in plants is composed of
Epidermal cells, stomata and epidermal appendages
Outermost covering of the whole plant body is formed by ____ tissue system
epidermal
Epidermal cells are composed of which simple plant tissue ?
parenchyma
The outside of epidermis is covered with a thick waxy layer called
cuticle
Cuticle helps in prevention of ____
water loss
Cells located in epidermis of leaves regulating the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange are
stomata
The cells of stomata which enclose the stomatal pre are
guard cells
A few epidermal cells, in vicinity of gaurd cells, become specialised in their shape and size are known as
subsidary cells
Stomatal aperture, guard cells and subsidiary cells together consitute the
Stomatal apparatus
Unicellular elongation of epidermal cells which help absorb water and minerals from soil are
root hair
Multicellular epidermal hair on stem are called
trichomes
All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute
ground tissue
In primary stems and roots, which simple tissue is present in cortex, pericycle, pith and medullary rays?
parenchyma
In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin walled chloroplast containing cells is called
mesophyll
In dicot stems, _____ is present between phloem and xylem
cambium
The vascular bundles because of the presence of cambium possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues in dicot stem called
open vascular bundles
When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii, the arrangement is called ____
Radial
In _____ type of vascular bundles, xylem and phloem are jointly situated along the same radius of vascular bundles
Conjoint
Conjoint type of vascular bundles are found in
Stems and leaves
The outermost layer of dicot root is
epiblema
The simple tissue forming cortex in dicot roots is
parenchyma
The innermost layer of cortex in dicot root is
endodermis
In dicot roots, endodermal cells have deposition of water impermeable, waxy material suberin in the form of
casparian strips
Thick walled parenchymatous cells lying next to endodermis of dicot root are called
Pericycle
In dicot roots, the pith is ___ or ____
Small or inconspicuous
Parenchymatous cells lying between xylem and phloem of dicot root form _____ tissue
Conjuctive
Number of xylem and phloem patches in dicot root is
2 to 4
All tissues on the inner side of endodermis constitute
stele
In monocot root, the number of xylem bundles present is more than ___
six
Size of pith in monocot roots is _____
Large
The roots which does not undergo secondary growth is
Monocot root
The outermost protective layer layer in dicot stem is
Epidermis
In dicot stem, layer between epidermis and pericycle constitute the
Cortex
In dicot stem, the cortical zone containing layers of collenchyma cells just below epidermis is
Hypodermis
The cortical layer which provides mechanical strength to young dicot stem is
Hypodermis
Middle layer of cortex in dicot stem is composed of
Parenchymatous cells
Innermost layer of cortex of dicot stem is
Endodermis
