Morphology of Flowering Plants Flashcards
Root system found in dicotyledons?
Tap root system
Roots that originate from the base of the stem found in monocotyledons?
Fibrous root system
Roots that arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called?
Adventitious roots
In which region of root thread like structures called root hairs are present?
Region of Maturation
Thimble like structure covering the apex of root is known as
Root cap
Examples of tap root modification for storage of food
Carrot and turnip
Examples of adventitious root modification for storage of food
Sweet potato
Hanging structures that support the banyan tree are called
Prop roots
Examples of stilt roots
Maize and Sugarcane
Roots found in Rhizophora which helps in getting oxygen for respiration is known as
Pneumatophores
Underground stems modified to store food
Ginger, Tumeric, Potato, Colocasia and Zaminkand
Stem modification which hepls plant to climb
Tendrils
Examples of stem modifications as thorns
Bougainvilles and Citrus
Stem modified into chlorophyll containing flattened structures to carry out photosynthesis found in
Optunia
Stem modified into chlorophyll containing fleshy cylindrical structures to carry out photosynthesis found in
Euphorbia
Name the aquatic plants in which lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing rosette of leaves and a tuff roots are found
Pistia and Eichhornia
Leaf bears a bud in its axil known as
Axillary bud
The leaf is attached to the stem by the
Leaf base
The leaf bear two lateral small leaf-like structures called
Stipules
In some leguminous plants the leaf base may become swollen, which is known as
Pulvinus
The green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets are known as
Lamina or leaf blade
The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as
Venation
When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as
Reticulate venation
When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as
Parallel venation
When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called
Compound leaf
Example of palmately compound leaf
Silk cotton
Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in
Calotropis and Guava
Whorled phyllotaxy is seen in
Alstonia
Example of plant in which leaves are modified into tendrils
Peas
Modification of leaves into fleshy leaves to store food
Onion and Garlic
When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always
Solitary
Inflorescences in which main axis continues to grow the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession
Racemose
Infloresence in which the main axis terminates in flower is limited in growth
Cymose
Reproductive unit in the angiosperms
flower
Swollen end of the stalk or pedicel
thalamus or receptacle
When the flower has both androceium and gynoecium it is known as
bisexual
When a flower having either only stamens or only carpels is known as
Unisexual
Examples of Actinomorphic flower
Mustard, datura and chilli
Examples of Zygomorphic flower
Pea, gulmohur, bean and Cassia
Flower that cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre,
Asymmetric
Flower with bracts are called
Bracteate
Flowers in which the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other part is situated below it, known as
Hypogynous
If gynoecium is situated in the centre and the other part of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level level, it is called
Perigynous
Flowers in which the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it and the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary, are
Epigynous flowers
Examples of inferior ovary
Flowers of guava and cucumber and the ray florets of sunflower
Calyx, when sepals are united, is
Gamosepalous
Calyx is called as when sepals are free
polysepalous
When sepals or petals in the whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping it is said to be
Valvate
Example of valvate aestivation is
Calotropis
If one margin of the appendage overlap of the next one and so on, it is called
twisted
Example of twisted aestivation
China rose, lady finger and Cotton
If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in particular direction is known as
Imbricate Aestivation
Examples of vexillary or papilionaceous aestivation
Pea and bean
A sterile stamen is called
staminode
Epipetalous stamens are found in
Brinjal
When stamens are attached to the petals, they are called
epipetalous
When stamens are attached to the perianth, they are called
epiphyllous
Epiphyllous stamens are found in
Lily
When stamens in a flower are free, they are called
polyandrous
When the stamens are united into one bunch or one bundle, they are known as
monoadelphous
When the stamens may be united into two bundles, they are known as
Diadelphous
When the stamens may be united into more than two bundles, they are known as
polyadelphous
Variation in length of filaments within flower is seen in
Salvina and mustard
When more than one carpels are present and they are free, are called as
apocarpous
When more than one carpels are present and they are fused, are called as
syncarpous
Examples of syncarpous carpel
mustard and tomato
The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as
placentation
Examples of marginal placentation
Pea
When the placentation is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary, the placentation is said to be
axile
Example of axile placentation
china rose, tomato and lemon
In ___ placentation the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on peripheral part
parietal
Examples of parietal placentation
mustard and Argemone
Examples of free central placentation
Dianthus and primose
When the ovules are borne on central axis and septa are absent, the placentation is called
free central
When the placenta develops at the base of ovary and a single ovule is attached to it, the placentation is called
basal placentation
Examples of plants showing basal placentation
sunflower, marigold
If a fruit is formed without fertilization of the ovary, it is called a
parenthenocarpic fruit
Examples of drupe
mango and coconut
Fruit that is developed from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one seeded, are known as
drupe
In some seeds such as castor the endosperm formed as a result of double fertilization, is a food storing tissue and called
endospermic seeds
Examples of non endospermous seeds
bean, gram and pea
In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called
nonendospermous
The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called
aleurone layer
In monocot seeds, plumule is enclosed within a sheath called
coleoptile
In monocot seeds radicle is enclosed in a sheath which is called
coleorhiza
In the floral formula Br stands for
bracteate
In the floral formula K stands for
calyx
In the floral formula C stands for
corolla
In the floral formula P stands for
perianth
In the floral formula A stands for
Androecium
In the floral formula G stands for
Gynoecium
The position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented by
a dot on the top of the floral diagram
The Fabaceae family was earlier called as -
Papilionoideae
Papilonoideae is the subfamily of which family?
Leguminosae
Inflorescence in fabaceae family -
racemose
Example of a plant in fabaceae family from which dye is obtained?
Indigofera
Examples of plant in fabaceae family from which fibres are obtained?
sunhemp
Examples of Medicinal plant in fabaceae family
multani
Solanaceae family is commonly called as-
potato family
Example of medicinal plant in solanaceae family
belladona, ashwagandha
Example of fumigatory plant in Solanaceae family
tobacco
Examples of Ornamental plant in Solanaceae family
petunia
Lilaceae family is known as-
Lily family
Examples of ornamental plant in Lilaceae family
tulip, Gloriosa
Example of medicinal plant in Lilaceae family
Aloe
Example of plant used as vegetable in Lilaceae family
Asparagus
Reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel is called
bracts
Flowers without bracts are called
Ebracteate
The angiosperms show such a large diversity in external structures or _____
morphology
Angiosperms are all characterised by presence of roots, ____, _____, ______ and ____
stems, leaves, flowers and flowers
Adaptations of the plants to their environment includes adaptations to various _____, for protection, _____, ____, etc
habitats, climbing, storage
The underground part of the flowering plant is ____ system while the portion above the ground forms the ____ system
root; shoot
In majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the ____ leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil
radicle
Primay root bears ____ roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots
lateral
The primary roots and its branches constitute ____ system
taproot
Mustard plants have ____ system
taproot
In _____ plants, the primary root is short lived and is replaced by a large number of roots
monocotyledonous
____ root system is seen in the wheat plant
Fibrous
Which root system is found in some plants, like grass, Monstera and the banyan tree ?
Adventitious root system
Tthe main functions of the roor system are absorption of ____ and ___ from the soil.
water, minerals
The main functions of the root system are providing a proper ___ to the plant parts
anchorage
The main functions of the root system are storing reserve food material and synthesis of ___
plant growth regulators
_____ protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil
root cap
A few millimetres above the root cap is the region of ____
meristematic activity
The cells of region of meristematic activity region are very small, ____ and with dense ____. They divide repeatedly
thin-walled, protoplasm
Region of elongation cells are located ____ to region of meristematic activity
proximal
Region of elongation cells undergo rapid elongation and ___
enlargement
Region of ____ is responsible for the growth of the root in length
elongation
The cells of the ____ zone gradually differentiate and mature
elongation
The zone, proximal to region of elongation, is called the region of ____
maturation
From the region of maturation some of the ____ cells form very fine and delicate, thread - like structures called root hairs
epidermal
These ___ absorb water and minerals from the soil
root hairs
Roots in some plants change their ___ and ____ and become modified to perform functions other than absorption and conduction of water and minerals
shape, structure
Roots are modified for ____, storage of food and ____
support, respiration
The stem is the ____ part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, lowers and fruits
ascending
Stem develops from the ____ of the embryo of a germinating seed
plumule
The stem bears nodes and ____
internodes
The region of stem where ___ are born are called nodes
leaves
____ are the portions between two nodes
Internodes
The stem bear buds, which may be ____ or _____
terminal, axillary
Stem is generally green when ___
young
Stems later often become ___ and dark brown
woody
The main function of the stem is spreading out ____ bearing leaves, flowers and fruits
branches
Stem conducts water, minerals and ____
photosynthates
Some stems perform the function of storage of food, support, protection and of _____
vegetative propagation
Stems also act as organs of ____ to tide over conditions unfavourable for growth
perennation
Stem tendrils which develop from _____ buds, are slender and spirally coiled
axillary
Stem tendrils help plants to climb such as in gourds, ____ and grapevines
cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon
Axillary buds of stems may also get modified into woody, straight and pointed _____
thorns
Thorns are found in many plants such as _____, ______
Citrus, Bougainvillea
Underground stems of some plants such as ____ and ____, etc., spread to new niches and when older parts die new plants are formed
grass, strawberry
In plants like ___ and ____ a slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground
mint, jasmine
In banana, ____ and ____, the lateral branchesoriginate from the basal and underground portion of the main stem
pineapple, Chrysanthemum
In banana, pineapple and chrysanthemum, the lateral branches grow _____ beneath the soil and then come out _____ upwards giving rise to leafy shoots
horizontally, obliquely
The leaf is a lateral, generally _____ structure borne on the stem
flattened
The leaf develops at the ____ and bears a ____ in its axil
node, bud
The axillary bud of leaf later develops into a ____
branch
Leaf originate from shoot apical meristems are arranged in an ____ order
acropetal
Leaf are the most important vegetative organs for _____
photosynthesis
A typical leaf consists of three main parts: leaf base, ___ and ____
petiole, lamina
In _____, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly
monocotyledons
The ___ help hold the blade to light
petiole
Long thin flexible petioles allow leaf blades to ____ in wind, thereby ___ the leaf and bringing fresh air to leaf surface
flutter, cooling
In leaf, a middle prominent vein, which is known as the ____
midrib
Veins provide ___ to the leaf blade
rigidity
Veins act as _____ of transport for water, minerals and food materials
channels
The shape, ____, apex, _____ and extent of incision of lamina varies in diferent leaves
margin, surface
Leaves of ____ plants generally possess reticulate venation
dicotyledonous
Parallel venation is the characteristic of most ______
monocotyledons
A leaf is said to be simple, when its lamina is _____ ow when _____ the incisions do not touch the midrib
entire, incised
A bud is present in the axil of petiole in both ____ and _____ leaves
simple, compound
A bud is not present in the axil of ____ of the compound leaf
leaflets
In a ____ compound leaf a number of leaflets are present on the common axis, the rachis
pinnately
___ represents the midrib of the leaf as in neem
Rachis
In ____ compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at common point, i.e. at the tip of petiole
palmately
____ is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch
Phyllotaxy
Phyllotaxy is usually of three types - ___, opposite and _____
alternate, whorled
In _____ type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in an alternate manner
alternate
Alternate phyllotaxy is seen in
china rose, mustard and sunflower plants
In _____ type of phyllotaxy, a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite to each other
opposite
If more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl, it is called ______
whorled
In some plants such as ______, the leaves are small and short lived
Australian acacia
The _____ in Australian acacia plants expand, become green and synthesise food
petioles
Leaves of certain insectivorous plants such as ____ plant, _____ are also modified leaves
pitcher, venus - fly trap
A ____ is a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem
flower
For a flower to form, ____ do not elongate and the ___ gets condensed
internodes, axis
The apex produces different kinds of _____ laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves
floral appendages
The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as _____
inflorescence
In racemose type of inflorescence, the flowers are borne laterally in an _____ succession
acropetal
In cymose type of inflorescence, flowers are borne in a ____ order
basipetal
A typical flower has _____ different kinds of whorls arranged successively
four
Name four whorls of flower
Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
_____ and ______ are accesory organs of flowers
Calyx, corolla
____ and _____ are reproductive organs of flower
Androecium, gynoecium
In some flowers like lily, the calyx and corolla are not distinct and are termed as ____
perianth
Actinomorphic flowers have ____ symmetry
radial
Zygomorphic flowers have ____ symmetry
bilateral
When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be ________
actinomorphic
When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is ____
zygomorphic
Give an example of asymmetric flower
Canna
A flower may be _____, _____ or pentamerous when floral appendages are in multiple of 3, 4 or 5 respectively
trimerous, tetramerous
Based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary on thalamus, the flowers are described as _____, _____ and epigynous
hypogynous, perigynous
The ovary in ____ flower is said to be superior
hypogynous
Give examples of hypogynous flower
mustard, china rose and brinjal
The ovary in _____ flower is said to be inferior
Epigynous
Give examples of perigynous flower
plum, rose, peach
The ____ is the outermost whorl of the flower
calyx
The members of calyx are called _____
sepals
Generally, sepals are green leaf like and protects the ___ in the bud stage
flower
Corolla is composed of ___
petals
Petals are usually brightly coloured to attract ____ for pollination
insects
Corolla is called _____ when petals are free
polypetalous
