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Bio Repeater 2023 > Morphology of Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Morphology of Flowering Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Root system found in dicotyledons?

A

Tap root system

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2
Q

Roots that originate from the base of the stem found in monocotyledons?

A

Fibrous root system

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3
Q

Roots that arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called?

A

Adventitious roots

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4
Q

In which region of root thread like structures called root hairs are present?

A

Region of Maturation

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5
Q

Thimble like structure covering the apex of root is known as

A

Root cap

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6
Q

Examples of tap root modification for storage of food

A

Carrot and turnip

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7
Q

Examples of adventitious root modification for storage of food

A

Sweet potato

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8
Q

Hanging structures that support the banyan tree are called

A

Prop roots

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9
Q

Examples of stilt roots

A

Maize and Sugarcane

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10
Q

Roots found in Rhizophora which helps in getting oxygen for respiration is known as

A

Pneumatophores

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11
Q

Underground stems modified to store food

A

Ginger, Tumeric, Potato, Colocasia and Zaminkand

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12
Q

Stem modification which hepls plant to climb

A

Tendrils

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13
Q

Examples of stem modifications as thorns

A

Bougainvilles and Citrus

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14
Q

Stem modified into chlorophyll containing flattened structures to carry out photosynthesis found in

A

Optunia

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15
Q

Stem modified into chlorophyll containing fleshy cylindrical structures to carry out photosynthesis found in

A

Euphorbia

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16
Q

Name the aquatic plants in which lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing rosette of leaves and a tuff roots are found

A

Pistia and Eichhornia

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17
Q

Leaf bears a bud in its axil known as

A

Axillary bud

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18
Q

The leaf is attached to the stem by the

A

Leaf base

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19
Q

The leaf bear two lateral small leaf-like structures called

A

Stipules

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20
Q

In some leguminous plants the leaf base may become swollen, which is known as

A

Pulvinus

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21
Q

The green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets are known as

A

Lamina or leaf blade

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22
Q

The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as

A

Venation

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23
Q

When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as

A

Reticulate venation

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24
Q

When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as

A

Parallel venation

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25
Q

When the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib breaking it into a number of leaflets, the leaf is called

A

Compound leaf

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26
Q

Example of palmately compound leaf

A

Silk cotton

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27
Q

Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in

A

Calotropis and Guava

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28
Q

Whorled phyllotaxy is seen in

A

Alstonia

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29
Q

Example of plant in which leaves are modified into tendrils

A

Peas

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30
Q

Modification of leaves into fleshy leaves to store food

A

Onion and Garlic

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31
Q

When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always

A

Solitary

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32
Q

Inflorescences in which main axis continues to grow the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession

A

Racemose

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33
Q

Infloresence in which the main axis terminates in flower is limited in growth

A

Cymose

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34
Q

Reproductive unit in the angiosperms

A

flower

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35
Q

Swollen end of the stalk or pedicel

A

thalamus or receptacle

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36
Q

When the flower has both androceium and gynoecium it is known as

A

bisexual

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37
Q

When a flower having either only stamens or only carpels is known as

A

Unisexual

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38
Q

Examples of Actinomorphic flower

A

Mustard, datura and chilli

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39
Q

Examples of Zygomorphic flower

A

Pea, gulmohur, bean and Cassia

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40
Q

Flower that cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre,

A

Asymmetric

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41
Q

Flower with bracts are called

A

Bracteate

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42
Q

Flowers in which the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other part is situated below it, known as

A

Hypogynous

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43
Q

If gynoecium is situated in the centre and the other part of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level level, it is called

A

Perigynous

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44
Q

Flowers in which the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it and the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary, are

A

Epigynous flowers

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45
Q

Examples of inferior ovary

A

Flowers of guava and cucumber and the ray florets of sunflower

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46
Q

Calyx, when sepals are united, is

A

Gamosepalous

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47
Q

Calyx is called as when sepals are free

A

polysepalous

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48
Q

When sepals or petals in the whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping it is said to be

A

Valvate

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49
Q

Example of valvate aestivation is

A

Calotropis

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50
Q

If one margin of the appendage overlap of the next one and so on, it is called

A

twisted

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51
Q

Example of twisted aestivation

A

China rose, lady finger and Cotton

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52
Q

If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in particular direction is known as

A

Imbricate Aestivation

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53
Q

Examples of vexillary or papilionaceous aestivation

A

Pea and bean

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54
Q

A sterile stamen is called

A

staminode

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55
Q

Epipetalous stamens are found in

A

Brinjal

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56
Q

When stamens are attached to the petals, they are called

A

epipetalous

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57
Q

When stamens are attached to the perianth, they are called

A

epiphyllous

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58
Q

Epiphyllous stamens are found in

A

Lily

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59
Q

When stamens in a flower are free, they are called

A

polyandrous

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60
Q

When the stamens are united into one bunch or one bundle, they are known as

A

monoadelphous

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61
Q

When the stamens may be united into two bundles, they are known as

A

Diadelphous

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62
Q

When the stamens may be united into more than two bundles, they are known as

A

polyadelphous

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63
Q

Variation in length of filaments within flower is seen in

A

Salvina and mustard

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64
Q

When more than one carpels are present and they are free, are called as

A

apocarpous

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65
Q

When more than one carpels are present and they are fused, are called as

A

syncarpous

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66
Q

Examples of syncarpous carpel

A

mustard and tomato

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67
Q

The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as

A

placentation

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68
Q

Examples of marginal placentation

A

Pea

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69
Q

When the placentation is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary, the placentation is said to be

A

axile

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70
Q

Example of axile placentation

A

china rose, tomato and lemon

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71
Q

In ___ placentation the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on peripheral part

A

parietal

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72
Q

Examples of parietal placentation

A

mustard and Argemone

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73
Q

Examples of free central placentation

A

Dianthus and primose

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74
Q

When the ovules are borne on central axis and septa are absent, the placentation is called

A

free central

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75
Q

When the placenta develops at the base of ovary and a single ovule is attached to it, the placentation is called

A

basal placentation

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76
Q

Examples of plants showing basal placentation

A

sunflower, marigold

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77
Q

If a fruit is formed without fertilization of the ovary, it is called a

A

parenthenocarpic fruit

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78
Q

Examples of drupe

A

mango and coconut

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79
Q

Fruit that is developed from monocarpellary superior ovaries and are one seeded, are known as

A

drupe

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80
Q

In some seeds such as castor the endosperm formed as a result of double fertilization, is a food storing tissue and called

A

endospermic seeds

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81
Q

Examples of non endospermous seeds

A

bean, gram and pea

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82
Q

In plants such as bean, gram and pea, the endosperm is not present in mature seeds and such seeds are called

A

nonendospermous

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83
Q

The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinous layer called

A

aleurone layer

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84
Q

In monocot seeds, plumule is enclosed within a sheath called

A

coleoptile

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85
Q

In monocot seeds radicle is enclosed in a sheath which is called

A

coleorhiza

86
Q

In the floral formula Br stands for

A

bracteate

87
Q

In the floral formula K stands for

A

calyx

88
Q

In the floral formula C stands for

A

corolla

89
Q

In the floral formula P stands for

A

perianth

90
Q

In the floral formula A stands for

A

Androecium

91
Q

In the floral formula G stands for

A

Gynoecium

92
Q

The position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented by

A

a dot on the top of the floral diagram

93
Q

The Fabaceae family was earlier called as -

A

Papilionoideae

94
Q

Papilonoideae is the subfamily of which family?

A

Leguminosae

95
Q

Inflorescence in fabaceae family -

A

racemose

96
Q

Example of a plant in fabaceae family from which dye is obtained?

A

Indigofera

97
Q

Examples of plant in fabaceae family from which fibres are obtained?

A

sunhemp

98
Q

Examples of Medicinal plant in fabaceae family

A

multani

99
Q

Solanaceae family is commonly called as-

A

potato family

100
Q

Example of medicinal plant in solanaceae family

A

belladona, ashwagandha

101
Q

Example of fumigatory plant in Solanaceae family

A

tobacco

102
Q

Examples of Ornamental plant in Solanaceae family

A

petunia

103
Q

Lilaceae family is known as-

A

Lily family

104
Q

Examples of ornamental plant in Lilaceae family

A

tulip, Gloriosa

105
Q

Example of medicinal plant in Lilaceae family

A

Aloe

106
Q

Example of plant used as vegetable in Lilaceae family

A

Asparagus

107
Q

Reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel is called

A

bracts

108
Q

Flowers without bracts are called

A

Ebracteate

109
Q

The angiosperms show such a large diversity in external structures or _____

A

morphology

110
Q

Angiosperms are all characterised by presence of roots, ____, _____, ______ and ____

A

stems, leaves, flowers and flowers

111
Q

Adaptations of the plants to their environment includes adaptations to various _____, for protection, _____, ____, etc

A

habitats, climbing, storage

112
Q

The underground part of the flowering plant is ____ system while the portion above the ground forms the ____ system

A

root; shoot

113
Q

In majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the ____ leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil

A

radicle

114
Q

Primay root bears ____ roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots

A

lateral

115
Q

The primary roots and its branches constitute ____ system

A

taproot

116
Q

Mustard plants have ____ system

A

taproot

117
Q

In _____ plants, the primary root is short lived and is replaced by a large number of roots

A

monocotyledonous

118
Q

____ root system is seen in the wheat plant

A

Fibrous

119
Q

Which root system is found in some plants, like grass, Monstera and the banyan tree ?

A

Adventitious root system

120
Q

Tthe main functions of the roor system are absorption of ____ and ___ from the soil.

A

water, minerals

121
Q

The main functions of the root system are providing a proper ___ to the plant parts

A

anchorage

122
Q

The main functions of the root system are storing reserve food material and synthesis of ___

A

plant growth regulators

123
Q

_____ protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil

A

root cap

124
Q

A few millimetres above the root cap is the region of ____

A

meristematic activity

125
Q

The cells of region of meristematic activity region are very small, ____ and with dense ____. They divide repeatedly

A

thin-walled, protoplasm

126
Q

Region of elongation cells are located ____ to region of meristematic activity

A

proximal

127
Q

Region of elongation cells undergo rapid elongation and ___

A

enlargement

128
Q

Region of ____ is responsible for the growth of the root in length

A

elongation

129
Q

The cells of the ____ zone gradually differentiate and mature

A

elongation

130
Q

The zone, proximal to region of elongation, is called the region of ____

A

maturation

131
Q

From the region of maturation some of the ____ cells form very fine and delicate, thread - like structures called root hairs

A

epidermal

132
Q

These ___ absorb water and minerals from the soil

A

root hairs

133
Q

Roots in some plants change their ___ and ____ and become modified to perform functions other than absorption and conduction of water and minerals

A

shape, structure

134
Q

Roots are modified for ____, storage of food and ____

A

support, respiration

135
Q

The stem is the ____ part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, lowers and fruits

A

ascending

136
Q

Stem develops from the ____ of the embryo of a germinating seed

A

plumule

137
Q

The stem bears nodes and ____

A

internodes

138
Q

The region of stem where ___ are born are called nodes

A

leaves

139
Q

____ are the portions between two nodes

A

Internodes

140
Q

The stem bear buds, which may be ____ or _____

A

terminal, axillary

141
Q

Stem is generally green when ___

A

young

142
Q

Stems later often become ___ and dark brown

A

woody

143
Q

The main function of the stem is spreading out ____ bearing leaves, flowers and fruits

A

branches

144
Q

Stem conducts water, minerals and ____

A

photosynthates

145
Q

Some stems perform the function of storage of food, support, protection and of _____

A

vegetative propagation

146
Q

Stems also act as organs of ____ to tide over conditions unfavourable for growth

A

perennation

147
Q

Stem tendrils which develop from _____ buds, are slender and spirally coiled

A

axillary

148
Q

Stem tendrils help plants to climb such as in gourds, ____ and grapevines

A

cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon

149
Q

Axillary buds of stems may also get modified into woody, straight and pointed _____

A

thorns

150
Q

Thorns are found in many plants such as _____, ______

A

Citrus, Bougainvillea

151
Q

Underground stems of some plants such as ____ and ____, etc., spread to new niches and when older parts die new plants are formed

A

grass, strawberry

152
Q

In plants like ___ and ____ a slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground

A

mint, jasmine

153
Q

In banana, ____ and ____, the lateral branchesoriginate from the basal and underground portion of the main stem

A

pineapple, Chrysanthemum

154
Q

In banana, pineapple and chrysanthemum, the lateral branches grow _____ beneath the soil and then come out _____ upwards giving rise to leafy shoots

A

horizontally, obliquely

155
Q

The leaf is a lateral, generally _____ structure borne on the stem

A

flattened

156
Q

The leaf develops at the ____ and bears a ____ in its axil

A

node, bud

157
Q

The axillary bud of leaf later develops into a ____

A

branch

158
Q

Leaf originate from shoot apical meristems are arranged in an ____ order

A

acropetal

159
Q

Leaf are the most important vegetative organs for _____

A

photosynthesis

160
Q

A typical leaf consists of three main parts: leaf base, ___ and ____

A

petiole, lamina

161
Q

In _____, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly

A

monocotyledons

162
Q

The ___ help hold the blade to light

A

petiole

163
Q

Long thin flexible petioles allow leaf blades to ____ in wind, thereby ___ the leaf and bringing fresh air to leaf surface

A

flutter, cooling

164
Q

In leaf, a middle prominent vein, which is known as the ____

A

midrib

165
Q

Veins provide ___ to the leaf blade

A

rigidity

166
Q

Veins act as _____ of transport for water, minerals and food materials

A

channels

167
Q

The shape, ____, apex, _____ and extent of incision of lamina varies in diferent leaves

A

margin, surface

168
Q

Leaves of ____ plants generally possess reticulate venation

A

dicotyledonous

169
Q

Parallel venation is the characteristic of most ______

A

monocotyledons

170
Q

A leaf is said to be simple, when its lamina is _____ ow when _____ the incisions do not touch the midrib

A

entire, incised

171
Q

A bud is present in the axil of petiole in both ____ and _____ leaves

A

simple, compound

172
Q

A bud is not present in the axil of ____ of the compound leaf

A

leaflets

173
Q

In a ____ compound leaf a number of leaflets are present on the common axis, the rachis

A

pinnately

174
Q

___ represents the midrib of the leaf as in neem

A

Rachis

175
Q

In ____ compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at common point, i.e. at the tip of petiole

A

palmately

176
Q

____ is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch

A

Phyllotaxy

177
Q

Phyllotaxy is usually of three types - ___, opposite and _____

A

alternate, whorled

178
Q

In _____ type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in an alternate manner

A

alternate

179
Q

Alternate phyllotaxy is seen in

A

china rose, mustard and sunflower plants

180
Q

In _____ type of phyllotaxy, a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite to each other

A

opposite

181
Q

If more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl, it is called ______

A

whorled

182
Q

In some plants such as ______, the leaves are small and short lived

A

Australian acacia

183
Q

The _____ in Australian acacia plants expand, become green and synthesise food

A

petioles

184
Q

Leaves of certain insectivorous plants such as ____ plant, _____ are also modified leaves

A

pitcher, venus - fly trap

185
Q

A ____ is a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem

A

flower

186
Q

For a flower to form, ____ do not elongate and the ___ gets condensed

A

internodes, axis

187
Q

The apex produces different kinds of _____ laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves

A

floral appendages

188
Q

The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as _____

A

inflorescence

189
Q

In racemose type of inflorescence, the flowers are borne laterally in an _____ succession

A

acropetal

190
Q

In cymose type of inflorescence, flowers are borne in a ____ order

A

basipetal

191
Q

A typical flower has _____ different kinds of whorls arranged successively

A

four

192
Q

Name four whorls of flower

A

Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium

193
Q

_____ and ______ are accesory organs of flowers

A

Calyx, corolla

194
Q

____ and _____ are reproductive organs of flower

A

Androecium, gynoecium

195
Q

In some flowers like lily, the calyx and corolla are not distinct and are termed as ____

A

perianth

196
Q

Actinomorphic flowers have ____ symmetry

A

radial

197
Q

Zygomorphic flowers have ____ symmetry

A

bilateral

198
Q

When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is said to be ________

A

actinomorphic

199
Q

When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular vertical plane, it is ____

A

zygomorphic

200
Q

Give an example of asymmetric flower

A

Canna

201
Q

A flower may be _____, _____ or pentamerous when floral appendages are in multiple of 3, 4 or 5 respectively

A

trimerous, tetramerous

202
Q

Based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary on thalamus, the flowers are described as _____, _____ and epigynous

A

hypogynous, perigynous

203
Q

The ovary in ____ flower is said to be superior

A

hypogynous

204
Q

Give examples of hypogynous flower

A

mustard, china rose and brinjal

205
Q

The ovary in _____ flower is said to be inferior

A

Epigynous

206
Q

Give examples of perigynous flower

A

plum, rose, peach

207
Q

The ____ is the outermost whorl of the flower

A

calyx

208
Q

The members of calyx are called _____

A

sepals

209
Q

Generally, sepals are green leaf like and protects the ___ in the bud stage

A

flower

210
Q

Corolla is composed of ___

A

petals

211
Q

Petals are usually brightly coloured to attract ____ for pollination

A

insects

212
Q

Corolla is called _____ when petals are free

A

polypetalous

Bio Repeater 2023 (23 decks)

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