Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Flashcards
_______ deals with techniques of using live organism or enzymes from organism to produce products and processes useful to humans
Biotechnology
Techniques to alter chemistry of genetic material in order to change the phenotype to host organism are a part of _______ engineering
genetic
The two core techniques that enabled birth to modern biotechnology are :
Genetic and bioprocess engineering
Maintenance of sterile environment in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of desired organism in large quantities for manufacture of biotechnological products is called:
bioprocess engineering
The type of reproduction which permits variation is :
sexual reproduction
The type of reproduction which preserves genetic information is:
asexual reproducton
The techniques of genetic engineering which include creation of _______ use of ______ and ______, allows us to isolate and introduce only one or a set of desirable genes without introducing undesirable genes into the target organism
Recombinant DNA, gene cloning, gene transfer
The process of making multiple identical copies of any template DNA is called :
Cloning
The specific DNA sequence of chromosome responsible for initiating DNA replication is :
Origin of replication
First recombinant DNA was constructed in 1972 by ______ and ______
Stanley Cohen; Herbert Boyer
An autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA of bacteria is called :
PLasmid
First recombinant DNA was constructed by linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with native plasmid of :
Salmonella typhimurium
Restriction enzymes are also known as :
Molecular scissors
The cutting of DNA at specific locations is done with the help of :
restriction enzymes
In genetic engineering, plasmid DNA act as ______ to transfer the piece of DNA linked to it into host organism
vector
The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with the enzyme _____
DNA ligase
Replication of recombinant DNA in host is accomplished by using which enzymes of host?
DNA polymerase
Key tools of genetic engineering are:
Restriction enzymes, polymerase, ligase, vetor and host organism
The first restriction endonuclease that was found to cut DNA at specific sequence was-
Hind II
The specific base sequence recognised by restriction endonuclease to cut the DNA is called:
recognition sequence
Restriction enzyme Escherichia coli
RY 13 is written as:
EcoRI
While naming restriction enzymes, the order in which enzyme was isolated from the strain of bacteria is indicated by:
roman numbers
Restriction enzymes belong to which class of enzymes?
nucleases
Nucleases which remove nucleotide from the ends of DNA are called:
exonucleases