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Treatment sites- Chapter 3 laura nappi Part 1 > stomach and bowels large and small > Flashcards

stomach and bowels large and small Flashcards

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1
Q

The _____ is Located in the upper left region of the abdomen

A

stomach

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2
Q

What are the 5 regions of the stomach?

A

cardia (closest to esophagus), fundus (superior portion), body’ antrum, and pylorus (valve that empties food into small intestine)

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3
Q

Five layers names in stomach from innermost to outermost are

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, subserosa and serosa

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4
Q

Most stomach cancer tumors start in the ______layer

A

mucosa

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5
Q

What is the most common histology for stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

stomach cancer Can spread through direct extension to nearby organs such as the

A

omenta, pancreas, diaphragm, transverse colon, and duodenum

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7
Q

signs and symptoms for stomach

A
  • vague epigastric discomfort no 1 symptom
  • loss of appetite
  • weight loss
  • nausea, vomiting
  • palpable, epigastric mass
  • ascites
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8
Q

most common histology for stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

Etiology for stomach?

A

diet ( red meat, spices , fish , smoked foods , heavily salted)

  • coal mining
  • H. pylori
  • rubber working
  • asbestos exposure
  • gastric ulcer polyps
  • poort nutrition
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10
Q

The _____ Starts at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the ileocecal valve

A

Small bowel

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11
Q

What are the 4 layers of the small bowel

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and serosa

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12
Q

_____are extensions of the mucosa that absorb nutrients

A

Villi

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13
Q

What are the 3 section of the small bowel?

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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14
Q

what lymph nodes can be involved with small bowel cancer

A

Mesenteric and celiac nodes

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15
Q

What is most common site of distant spread for small bowel

A

liver

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16
Q

what is the most common pathology for small bowel

A
  • Adenocarcinoma
17
Q

_______ Starts at the ileocecal valve and ends at the anus

A

Large bowel - includes rectum and anus

18
Q

Colon divided into eight regions (list in order):

A

cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

19
Q

Parts of the large intestine that are intraperitoneal are the

A

cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid

20
Q

Parts of the large intestine that are retroperitoneal are the

A

ascending and descending colon and the hepatic and splenic flexures

21
Q

The walls of large bowel consist of four layers:

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa

22
Q

Types of surgery on the colorectal area are _____ and ___ resection

A

anterior and abdominoperineal resection

23
Q

_____resection: Removes colon, but leaves the sphincter and rectum

A

Anterior

24
Q

________resection (APR): Removes the anus and part of rectum

A

Abdominoperineal

25
Q

_______ is a : Genetic disorder of the colorectal area with multiple benign polyps that may develop as a teen and have a possibility in becoming malignant if they are not removed

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

26
Q

Large bowel cancer uses what staging system

A

Dukes staging system and modified Astler-Coller (MAC) classification

27
Q

Right colon drains to the ___ nodes

A

ileocecal and right colic nodes

28
Q

Left colon drains to the ______ nodes

A

mid-colic, inferior mesenteric, and left colic nodes

29
Q

____colon drains to the inferior mesenteric nodes and nodes that run alongside the superior rectal, sigmoidal, and sigmoidal mesenteric vessels

A

Sigmoid

30
Q

Upper rectum drains to nodes that follow along the

A

middle rectal vessels

31
Q

What is the most comon pathology for large bowel cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

32
Q

Staging for colon cancer are ?

A

dukes, TNM , modified astler- collar

33
Q

most stomach gI tracks cancer there primary treatment is

A

surgery

34
Q

colon rector signs and symptoms include

A
  • blood in stool
  • diarrhea
  • palpable mass
  • rectal bleeding
  • pencil stools
35
Q

most stomach GI tracks histology is ?

A

adenocarcinomas

Anus - squamous cell carcinoma

36
Q

what is typical treatment dose for stomach

A

45-50 Gy preop
60 Gy total

37
Q

risk factor for the large bowel is

A

polyps - pre cancerous symptoms

Treatment sites- Chapter 3 laura nappi Part 1 (32 decks)

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