stomach and bowels large and small Flashcards
study student
The _____ is Located in the upper left region of the abdomen
stomach
What are the 5 regions of the stomach?
cardia (closest to esophagus), fundus (superior portion), body’ antrum, and pylorus (valve that empties food into small intestine)
Five layers names in stomach from innermost to outermost are
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, subserosa and serosa
Most stomach cancer tumors start in the ______layer
mucosa
What is the most common histology for stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
stomach cancer Can spread through direct extension to nearby organs such as the
omenta, pancreas, diaphragm, transverse colon, and duodenum
signs and symptoms for stomach
- vague epigastric discomfort no 1 symptom
- loss of appetite
- weight loss
- nausea, vomiting
- palpable, epigastric mass
- ascites
most common histology for stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
Etiology for stomach?
diet ( red meat, spices , fish , smoked foods , heavily salted)
- coal mining
- H. pylori
- rubber working
- asbestos exposure
- gastric ulcer polyps
- poort nutrition
The _____ Starts at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the ileocecal valve
Small bowel
What are the 4 layers of the small bowel
mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and serosa
_____are extensions of the mucosa that absorb nutrients
Villi
What are the 3 section of the small bowel?
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
what lymph nodes can be involved with small bowel cancer
Mesenteric and celiac nodes
What is most common site of distant spread for small bowel
liver
what is the most common pathology for small bowel
- Adenocarcinoma
_______ Starts at the ileocecal valve and ends at the anus
Large bowel - includes rectum and anus
Colon divided into eight regions (list in order):
cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum
Parts of the large intestine that are intraperitoneal are the
cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid
Parts of the large intestine that are retroperitoneal are the
ascending and descending colon and the hepatic and splenic flexures
The walls of large bowel consist of four layers:
mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa
Types of surgery on the colorectal area are _____ and ___ resection
anterior and abdominoperineal resection
_____resection: Removes colon, but leaves the sphincter and rectum
Anterior
________resection (APR): Removes the anus and part of rectum
Abdominoperineal
_______ is a : Genetic disorder of the colorectal area with multiple benign polyps that may develop as a teen and have a possibility in becoming malignant if they are not removed
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
Large bowel cancer uses what staging system
Dukes staging system and modified Astler-Coller (MAC) classification
Right colon drains to the ___ nodes
ileocecal and right colic nodes
Left colon drains to the ______ nodes
mid-colic, inferior mesenteric, and left colic nodes
____colon drains to the inferior mesenteric nodes and nodes that run alongside the superior rectal, sigmoidal, and sigmoidal mesenteric vessels
Sigmoid
Upper rectum drains to nodes that follow along the
middle rectal vessels
What is the most comon pathology for large bowel cancer
adenocarcinoma
Staging for colon cancer are ?
dukes, TNM , modified astler- collar
most stomach gI tracks cancer there primary treatment is
surgery
colon rector signs and symptoms include
- blood in stool
- diarrhea
- palpable mass
- rectal bleeding
- pencil stools
most stomach GI tracks histology is ?
adenocarcinomas
Anus - squamous cell carcinoma
what is typical treatment dose for stomach
45-50 Gy preop
60 Gy total
risk factor for the large bowel is
polyps - pre cancerous symptoms
