1. Brain Flashcards
The brain has two __________ in the cerebrum and in the cerebellum
hemispheres
The _______is the largest portion of the brain and controls thinking, emotions, speech, voluntary movement, etc.
cerebrum
The ______is located inferiorly and posteriorly in the head and controls movement, balance, and posture
cerebellum
The _______ is the most inferior portion of the brain and connects the brain to the spinal cord
- made of pons mid brain and medusa oblagatta
brainstem
The brain is protected by
cranial bones, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid
The central nervous system (CNS) has 3 to 5 ounces of
cerebrospinal fluid
- deliver nutrients gets rid of waste
_______ are like chambers or sinuses within the brain that communicate with the canal of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space
ventricles
There are four ventricles: which include
two lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle
The ventricles produce
cerebrospinal fluid
CNS is made of ______ matter
gray and white
Gray matter is made up of
supportive nerve cells
White matter is made up of
nerve fibers, axons, and dendrites
In the ____, gray matter is peripheral and white matter is central
brain
In the ____, white matter is peripheral and gray matter is central
spine
The ______ is the main source of blood for the brain. It is Made up of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries
circle of willis
The spinal cord extends from the______ to the _____
medulla oblongata to the tilum terminale (Ll-L2)
The spinal cord carries messages between
brain and body
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from
toxins
Only substances that are_____ soluble can pass the BBB
lipid
- makes chemo difficult to get to brain
Lipid soluble substances examples are
alcohol, nicotine, and heroin
Water-soluble substances may pass through BBB if they use a
carrier molecule
Water soluble substances are
glucose, amino acids, and sodium
what are the 3 types of glial cells
- Astrocytes
- support and nourish neurons
= astrocyomas or glioblastomas - oligodendrocytes
- creates myelin which helps neurons
send electric signals
tumors oligodentrogliomas
- ependymal cells
line the ventricles
tumors = ependymomas
glioblastoma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme), medulloblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, lymphoma, schwannoma
Are within the category of
-
gliomas
- made of glial cells
_____ is the most common primary brain tumor in children
Astrocytoma
_____ is the second most common primary brain tumor in children
- brain devolopment more common in children
Medulloblastoma
_____ are the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Specifically glioblastoma multiforme.
Malignant gliomas
Overall, the most common brain tumors are
metastatic tumors
Most common routes of spread for CNS tumors are local invasion and seeding through
cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)
Most common area for CSF seeding is in the
lumbosacral area
Low-grade CNS tumors rarely spread via the
lymphatic system
High-grade CNS tumors are more likely to spread via
lymphatic system but still rare
grade classifications goes from
1 - 4
good - worst
