stomach and bowels Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is Located in the upper left region of the abdomen

A

stomach

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2
Q

What are the 5 regions of the stomach?

A

cardia (closest to esophagus), fundus (superior portion), body’ antrum, and pylorus (valve that empties food into small intestine)

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3
Q

Five layers names in stomach from innermost to outermost are

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, subserosa and serosa

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4
Q

Most stomach cancer tumors start in the ______layer

A

mucosa

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5
Q

What is the most common histology for stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

stomach cancer Can spread through direct extension to nearby organs such as the

A

omenta, pancreas, diaphragm, transverse colon, and duodenum

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7
Q

The _____ Starts at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the ileocecal valve

A

Small bowel

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8
Q

What are the 4 layers of the small bowel

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and serosa

in to outer

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9
Q

_____are extensions of the mucosa that absorb nutrients

A

Villi

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10
Q

What are the 3 section of the small bowel?

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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11
Q

what lymph nodes can be involved with small bowel cancer

A

Mesenteric and celiac nodes

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12
Q

What is most common site of distant spread for small bowel

A

liver

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13
Q

_______ Starts at the ileocecal valve and ends at the anus

A

Large bowel

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14
Q

Colon divided into eight regions (list in order):

colon - largest section of large bowel

A

cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

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15
Q

Parts of the large intestine that are intraperitoneal are the

A

cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid

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16
Q

Parts of the large intestine that are retroperitoneal are the

A

ascending and descending colon and the hepatic and splenic flexures

17
Q

The walls of large bowel consist of four layers:

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serosa

18
Q

Types of surgery on the colorectal area are _____ and ___ resection

A

anterior and abdominoperineal resection

19
Q

_____resection: Removes colon, but leaves the sphincter and rectum

20
Q

________resection (APR): Removes the anus and part of rectum

A

Abdominoperineal

21
Q

_______ is a : Genetic disorder of the colorectal area with multiple benign polyps that may develop as a teen and have a possibility in becoming malignant if they are not removed

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

22
Q

Large bowel cancer uses what staging system

A

Dukes staging system and modified Astler-Coller (MAC) classification

23
Q

Right colon drains to the ___ nodes

A

ileocecal and right colic nodes

24
Q

Left colon drains to the ______ nodes

A

mid-colic, inferior mesenteric, and left colic nodes

25
____colon drains to the inferior mesenteric nodes and nodes that run alongside the superior rectal, sigmoidal, and sigmoidal mesenteric vessels
Sigmoid
26
Upper rectum drains to nodes that follow along the
middle rectal vessels
27
What is the most comon pathology for large bowel cancer
adenocarcinoma