B. determine the type of tumor Flashcards

1
Q

_________ are indicated for tumors pressing on and obstructing the superior vena cava, skeletal metastasis, brain metastasis that cause increased intracranial pressure, and vaginal bleeding

A

Oncologic emergencies

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2
Q

Withhin Oncologic emergencies treatment fields are typically

A

simple open fields with no field shaping

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3
Q

Oncologic emergencies treatments are typically

A

palliative

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4
Q

_____tumors usually do not grow fast and are encapsulated. They are noncancerous and do not spread or metastasize. Closely resemble the tissue of origin

A

Benign

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5
Q

_____tumors are cancerous and have the ability to spread or metastasize. Do not closely resemble the cells of their origin

A

Malignant

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6
Q

_______are malignant tumors that occur in epithelial tissues

A

Carcinomas

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7
Q

______are malignant tumors that do not occur in epithelial tissues

A

Sarcomas

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8
Q

Tumor _____ is determined by examining the cancer cells under a microscope

A

grade

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9
Q

Tumor must be _____to determine grade

A

biopsied

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10
Q

If the tumor cells resemble normal cells, it is ______

A

well-differentiated

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11
Q

» Less aggressive, less likely to grow and spread

A

well-differentiated

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12
Q

» Assigned a lower numerical grade

A

well-differentiated

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13
Q

If the tumor cells do not resemble normal cells, it is _______

A

undifferentiated or “poorly differentiated”

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14
Q

» More aggressive, more likely to grow and spread » Assigned a higher numerical grade

A

undifferentiated or “poorly differentiated”

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15
Q

In general, tumors are graded in

A

number 1-4

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16
Q

____: grade cannot be determined

A

GX

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17
Q

___: well differentiated, low grade, and tumor cells resemble normal tissues

A

G1

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18
Q

____: moderately differentiated and intermediate grade

A

G2

19
Q

_____: poorly differentiated, high grade, and tumor cells do not resemble normal tissues

A

G3

20
Q

___; undifferentiated, high grade, tumors do not resemble normal tissues, tumors grow and spread the fastest

A

G4

21
Q

____grading system can be used for breast cancer Grades Gl - G3

A

Nottingham

22
Q

_______ explains the size and/or extent of the primary tumor

A

Stage

23
Q

> > Determines whether or not the cancer cells have spread throughout the body can be staged clinically or pathologically, or a combination of the two

A

Stage

24
Q

______ is an Estimate of the extent of tumor based on physical exams, imaging tests, endoscopic exams, be noted and/or with biopsies

A

clinical stage (C)

25
Q

________ is theExtent of tumor is determined after surgery

A

Pathological stage (P_

26
Q

The _____staging system is the main staging system used

A

TNM

27
Q

TNM staging is maintained by

A

American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC system) and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC system)

28
Q

T =

A

size of the primary tumor and if it has invaded areas

29
Q

N:

A

involvement of regional lymph nodes

30
Q

M:

A

presence of metastatic disease

31
Q

What is staging for GYN tumors

A

FIGO

32
Q

What is staging for Colorectal cancer

A

dukes

33
Q

What is staging for lymphatic

A

Ann arbor

34
Q

In ANN arbor Staging

A

In ANN arbor Staging

35
Q

In ANN arbor Staging A denotes

A

patient has no symptoms

36
Q

In ANN arbor Staging

A

In ANN arbor Staging

37
Q

In ANN arbor Staging B denotes

A

patient has “B” symptoms

38
Q

In ANN arbor Staging

A

In ANN arbor Staging

39
Q

In ANN arbor Staging E denotes

A

extranodal site involvement

40
Q

In ANN arbor Staging

A

In ANN arbor Staging

41
Q

In ANN arbor Staging S denotes

A

splenic involvement

42
Q

_______Level of Invasion is used for melanomas

A

Clark’s

43
Q

_____Depth of Invasion is also used for melanomas

A

Breslow’s