Lungs Flashcards
Right lung has three lobes and is _______ than the left lung, which has two lobes
shorter and wider
The lungs are lined by two membranes called the
pleura protect breathing
- parietal
- visceral
______pleura lines the surface of the lung
visceral
______pleura lines the thoracic wall
parietal
The ______is where the trachea bifurcates and is located around T4 to T5
carina
Space between the pleura is called the
pleural cavity
_______ are where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
Alveolar ducts
The _______divides into the primary bronchi, then to the secondary bronchi, then to the tertiary bronchi, then to the bronchioles, then to alveolar ducts
trachea
The _____is where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves gain entry to the lungs
hilum
______ syndrome occurs when the tumor compresses the superior vena cava, which makes it difficult for the patient to breathe
superior vena cava
_____ are the main method of regional spread of lung cancer
lymphatics
Main symptom of lung cancer is a
cough
A _______tumor occurs when the tumor is in the apex of the lung and the patient experiences pain in the shoulder and arm, muscle atrophy, and Horner syndrome
pancoast
_______ nodes are the subcarinal, paraesophageal and pulmonary ligament nodes
Inferior mediastinal
All lymph involved with the lung drains into the ______ nodes
intrapulmonary
What are the two types of lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
______ lung cancer is also called oat cell and includes anaplastic carcinomas
small cell
Small cell lung cancer had High mortality rate and is very
aggressive
SCLC Can metastasize early to the brain, therefore ___________ is sometimes used to prevent this
prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI)
- whole brain irradiation given before any syptoms
SCLC is connected with
tobacco use
_______ lung cancers include adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and epidermoid/squamous cell carcinoma
non-small cell - majority of sun cancers
Non-small cell lung cancer is not associated with
tobacco use
- except with squamous cell carcinoma
SCLC is more common in
men
NSCLC is more common in
women
does NSCLC or SCLC have a better prognosis?
NSCLC
Mesothelioma occurs in the
linings of the lungs
Mesothelioma is connected to
asbestos exposure
T/F lung cancer is the number 1 killer in cancer
True
men have slight higher incidence than men
TRUE
what are some etiology for lung cancers?
- smoking
- exposure to combustion by products
- asbestos
- pollution
- pitchblende
- chemicals
- metals
- ionizing radiation
clinical presentation for lung cancer
- history of smoking
- persistent cough
- hoarseness
- weight loss
- dyspnea
- chest wall pain
- apical tumors, weakness in arm, swelling in neck
histology for lung cancer
- small cell/ oat cell - high mortality ver aggressive
- non small cell
-
what the staging for lung cancer?
TNM
treatment for lung cancer typical fractionation
180 cGy
stages for lung cancer are:
limited stage
extensive stage
NSMCLC - clinical pathological stage
