stem cells and totipotency Flashcards
what is differentiation
when cells develop into specialised cell structures
how do single cell organism carry out function
one cell carries out all the functions adequately but cannot carry one out efficiently
what are the cells in multicellular organisms
they are adapted to carry out specific roles and functions
how do multicellular organisms start off
a tiny ball- zygote of identical cells
what happens as the cell starts to differentiate
dvelop individual characteristics that allow them to carry out function efficiently
what do all cells contain and why
they all contain the same genes as they start to mitotically divide of the zygote
so what does this mean in terms of capability
all cells are capable of making every protien in the body
so why arent all the protiens produced by every cell
only certain genes are expressed in only one cell at a time
what genes are permanely expressed in all cells
such as enzymes for repiration, transcription and translation of protien ass all cells carry out these process
why are differentiated cells different visibly
they produce different protiens as a result of the different genes expression which causes them to look different
what is totipotent
when s cell can develop into any body cell such as a zygote and later become differentiated
so har are the specified protiens made
only the section of dna for a particular polypeptide is translated and transcripted to make the desired gne
what can they do but dont do
they can stimulate other protiens but doing so would be wasteful
how do you activate the other protiens
enable transcription and translation
what is the limitation of specialised cells
their differentiation is usually irreversible eg red blood cells