genetic fingerprinting Flashcards
what does it rely on
the fact that the genome has many non coding bases of dna variable number tandem repeats
what is in every individual
different vrtn which is a unique pattern
what is gel electrophoresis
is used to separate dna fragments according to their size
where are they placed
onto a agar gel which is supplied with by a current
how do the fragments move
as a result of the resistance larger fragments with more bases move more slowly than smaller one and travel a shorter distance
what if the dna fragments are labelled
we can put an xray film over it and then where it is darkened create bands
what do we have to do to larger dna sequences
split them into smaller fragments
what are the 5 main stages of genetic fingerprinting
extraction, digestion, separation, hybridisation, development
how do we extract
the dna need to be separated from the rest of the cell
how do we increase its number
using the polymerase chain reaction
what is digestion
the dna is cut into smaller fragments into target dna using restriction endonucleases
what is separation
the fragments of dna are separated according to its size due to electric voltage
what is happened to the gel
it is transferred to a nylon membrane to distinguish the strands and then it is immersed in alkali to sperate the double strands into single strands
what is hybridisation
radioactive or fluorescent dna probes are used to bind to the vntr
what must the be
complimentary to the base sequence of the vntr and bind under specific conditions
