blood glucose concentration regulation

Question 1

what importance does the liver play

Answer 1

plays a role in maintaining the blood glucose concentration levels as this is where the enzyme action take place

Question 2

what is glycogenesis

Answer 2

when the blood glucose concentration is too high liver takes glucose which is converted into glycogen

Question 3

what is glycogenolysis

Answer 3

when the glucose concentraion in the blood is too low liver converts glycogen into glucose which then diffuses into the blood

Question 4

what is gluconogenesis

Answer 4

conversion of amino acids and glycerol into glucose when glycogen levels are low

Question 5

why is glucose levels need to be maintained

Answer 5

substrate for respiration providing energy for all organism and production of atp

Question 6

what would happen if there was little to no glucose

Answer 6

cell will not respire have no energy and then die

Question 7

why is brain cells most sensitive

Answer 7

as they only respire with glucose

Question 8

What will happen if the glucose level is too high

Answer 8

it will decrease the osomotic balance and decrease the water potential in the blood leading to dehydration

Question 9

what is the islet of langherns give the differences

Answer 9

hormone producing cells that produce both alpha bigger and release glucagon and beta cells release insulin

Question 10

where does blood glucose come from

Answer 10

directly from the diet in the form of carbs and starch hydrolyzing
hydrolysis of glycogen in the liver
from gluconegenesis

Question 11

what happens when the concentration rises

Answer 11

the b cells have receptors that detect stimulus rise in blood sugar and respond by secreting insulin directly into the blood

Question 12

what is insulin

Answer 12

a globur protien made from 51 amino acids

Question 13

what does the insulin do

Answer 13

bind to glycoprotein receptors that are found in every cells
changing the tertiary structure of the glucose transport carrier protein so that they open and glucose taken into the cell by facillitated diffusion
also activate enzyme that convert gluvos to glycogen

Question 14

how are these protiens present at. low concentration

Answer 14

they are found in vescicles that then fuse with the membrane when the concentration is high

Question 15

what role does the liver play in regulating glucose concentration levels

Answer 15

the conversion of glucose to glycogen only takes place in the liver so can store it in is mass and glycogenelysis only takes place in the liver

Question 16

what happens if the level of glucose is too high

Answer 16

the alpha cells detect the rise in glucose concentration and then secrete glucagon directly into the blood plasma

Question 17

what response does glucagon produce

Answer 17

attach to specific protein receptors on liver and muscle cell membrane activating enzymes that convert glycogen into glucose
also activate enzyme that convert amino acids and glycerol into glucose

Question 18

how does the insulin reduce the concentration what does it dp to the body

Answer 18

increase rate of absorption
increasing respiratory rate which then uses glucose more easily
increasing rate of conversion of glucose to fat and glycogen

Question 19

what role does adrenaline play in maintaining glucose concentration

Answer 19

sympathetic response when adrenaline is released it binds to specific proteins on the liver cells which activate enzymes that convert glycogen to glucose

Question 20

why does adrenaline do this

Answer 20

so there is more glucose available for respiration

Question 21

what are hormones

Answer 21

chemical messengers secreted by gland and bind to specific receptor at target cell or organ

Question 22

what is the secondry messenger model

Answer 22

two hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose level

Question 23

what is the mechanism involve

Answer 23

adrenaline binds to a transmembrane protein within the membrane of the liver cell
the binding causes the protein to change shape
change of protein leads to the activation of adenyl cyclase to convert atp to camp
camp then acts as a second messenger and binds to protein kinase and changing its shape and activating it to catalyse glycogen to glucose