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Anes > Stages &Planes of Anes & Monitoring > Flashcards

Stages &Planes of Anes & Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

muscle tone (lessens or strengthens) as anesthesia deepens

A

lessens

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2
Q

it is recommended that patients in stage 3; phases 1 or 2 be monitored how often

A

every 5 min

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3
Q

when is it recommended an animal be monitored continuously

A

plane 3 or higher, horses on inhalent (gas anes)

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4
Q

ab how long induction period if anes given IV, or IM and gas

A

IV- <1min

IM or gas- several minutes

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5
Q

which stages encompass the induction period

A

stages I and II

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6
Q

what happens during stage I

A

concious, disoriented, decreased sensitivty to pain

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7
Q

stage I is also called the period of

A

period of voluntary movement

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8
Q

stage II is also called the period of

A

period of involuntary movement or excitment phase

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9
Q

what happens during stage II

A

loss of conciousness; may vocalize, paddle, or struggle, acts like its “fighting” the anesthesia

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10
Q

our goal is to pass which stage as quickly as possible

A

stage II

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11
Q

how to produce a short excitment phase during stage II and a shorter stage in general

A

give a more rapid administration

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12
Q

during which stage is the animal finally anesthetized

A

stage III

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13
Q

which stage III plane: ok for intubation/ minor procedures, some pain still felt, reflexes present but slow, good muscle tone, normal pupil size

A

plane 1- light anesthesia

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14
Q

which stage III plane: routine surgeries, HR/RR stable, many reflexes gone, eyes rotated ventromedial (crosseyed), pupils slightly dialated

A

Plane 2- medium anesthesia

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15
Q

which stage III plane: too deep for most surgery, OK for orthopedic surgery, HR/RR decrease, decreased pulse strength, absent/depressed reflexes, increased CRT, dilated pupils

A

Plane 3- deep anesthesia

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16
Q

what is the deepest plane we need to go

A

plane 3, no need to go any deeper

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17
Q

which stage III plane: jerky respirations, decreased RR and HR, pale MM, eyes central and dilated

A

Plane 4- early anes overdose

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18
Q

which stage: apnea, cardiovascular collapse, cyanotic MM, no reflexes, dilated pupils

A

Stage IV(4)- overdose

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19
Q

what to do when an animal enters stage IV

A

start CPR

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20
Q

what is seen in a normal recovery period (bodily changes)

A

shivering, swallowing, increased HR and RR, reflexes return

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21
Q

if the recovery time is prolonged you should

A

flip from side to side(ventral side down when rolling)

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22
Q

which vital signs to monitor every 5 min

A

HR and Rhythm, BP, RR, temp, reflexes

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23
Q

most anes and pre anes cause bradycardia, which cause tachycardia

A

ketamine, telazol, atropine

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24
Q

the minimal HR for dogs and cats

A

D= 70 bpm, cat= 100bpm

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25
Q

what a pulse deficit means

A

no pulse for every heartbeat

26
Q

preanes and anesthetics that can cause arrythmias

A

xylazine, dexmedetomidine, barbiturates)

27
Q

how to feel apical pulse

A

feel chest and beat of heart

28
Q

thready v bounding pulse

A

weak v strong

29
Q

normal blood pressure

A

120mmHg/ 80 mmHg

30
Q

blood pressure is measured as a ratio of what

A

systolic (contraction of venticles) pressure / diastolic pressure(relax)

31
Q

blood pressure should be no less that ____ in dogs

A

90mmHg/ 60 mmHg

32
Q

direct means of measuring BP

A

arterial catheter inserted in artery (rare)

33
Q

indirect means of measuring BP

A

sphygmomonometer, doppler flow probe, CRT, MM color

34
Q

what is MAP (mean aterial pressure)

A

average pressure of complete cardiac cylcle

35
Q

what is the best indicator of blood perfusion

A

MAP

36
Q

how we calculate MAP

A

diastollic pressure + 1/3 (systolic - diastollic)

37
Q

drugs that lower BP

A

xylazine, dexmedetomidine, acepromazine (peripheral vasodialation)

38
Q

when not under anesthesia, what causes someone to breath?

A

high CO2 levels in blood

RR decreases bc CO2 has less influence over breathing

39
Q

RR shouldnt drop below

A

8 bpm (breaths per min)

40
Q

SpO2 normal

shouldnt be less than

A

norm= 97%

should be less than 95%

41
Q

signs animals isnt getting enough O2

A

high CO2 in blood, decreased SpO2, inceased RR, struggling (if too light)

42
Q

too much CO2 in blood and not enough O2 can cause

A

tachypnea (hyperventillation)

43
Q

what it means if respiratory rhythm is shallow and jerky

A

anes too deep or ariway is blocked

44
Q

length of inspiration v length of expiration

A

insp- 1-2 sec, exp- 2-4 sec

(1:2)

45
Q

what is a pulse oximeter? (what it measures)

A

measures SpO2- est. % of hemoglobin binding sites saturated w O2 (saturation of peripheral O2)
also measures pulse w/ a plethysmograph, detects increase in volume as blood passes tho vessel

46
Q

what a capnograph is and what it measures

A

sensor on ET tube, CO2 levels breathed in and out (the CO2 expired closely resembles CO2 in blood)

47
Q

what a capnograph reading should be (insp v expiration)

A

insp- should be 0

expiration should be 35-45(end tidal CO2)

48
Q

minimum body temp

A

95F

49
Q

why an animal w lower body temp takes longer to wake

A

slower metabolism of drugs

50
Q

what is alectasis, how do we prevent

A

collapse of alveoli caused by shallow breathing, prevent by bagging every 5min to inflate alveoli

51
Q

drugs that can cause hypothermia

A

ace, a2 ag

52
Q

who is most susseptible to hypothermia and why

A

old/ young- have poor thermoregulation

53
Q

drugs that can cause hyperthermia

A

opiods in cats, ketamine

54
Q

ways to treat hyperthermia

A

cool, give cold fluids, give 100% O2

55
Q

what is malignant hyperthermia, who is it seen in and why

A

extreme fever (105+) (and muscle rigidity), rare in d/c, seen in pigs due to genetic defect

56
Q

reflexes _____ with increasing anes depth

A

decrease

57
Q

earliest reflex to go

A

swallowing

58
Q

how to test pedal reflex

A

squeeze toe or webbing between toes, animal should withdraw leg if light enough

59
Q

how to test ear flick reflex

A

touch outer ear canal enterance, ear should flick if animal is light enough

60
Q

change in eyeball position from stage I and II to III to IV

A

I and II= central, III= ventromedial (desirable), IV= back to central position (bad sign)

61
Q

excitment phase usually longer in induction or recovery?

A

recovery

Anes (29 decks)

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