Anes Problems and Emergencies

Question 1

signs of excessive anes depth

Answer 1

bradypnea, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, pale or cyanotic MM, longer CRT, arrythmias, absent reflexes, dilated pupils, absent PLR

Question 2

possible causes of pale MM

Answer 2

hypothermia, hypotension, blood loss

Question 3

how to treat pale MM

Answer 3

IV fluid therapy, blood transfusion

Question 4

long CRT indicates what issues

Answer 4

low BP, poor perfusion

Question 5

MAP below 60 mmHg indicates

Answer 5

hypotension, poor perfusion

Question 6

wheezing indicates bronchoconstriction, how to treat?

Answer 6

bronchodialators

Question 7

if anes too light, tachypnea or bradypnea occurs?

Answer 7

tachypnea

Question 8

tachycardic and bradycardic values for dogs

Answer 8

tachy- >160 bpm

brady- <60-70bpm

Question 9

tachycardic and bradycardic values in cats

Answer 9

tachy- >200bpm

brady- <100 bpm

Question 10

drugs that cause tachycardia

Answer 10

atropine, ketamine, epinephrine

Question 11

drugs that cause bradycardia

Answer 11

a2 agonists, opiods

Question 12

stimulation of the ___ nerve causes bradycardia

how does this happen?

Answer 12

vagus nerve (major nerve of parasymp. system)
intubation, ocular surgery, vicera handling

Question 13

drugs to treat bradycardia

Answer 13

anticholinergics (atropine, or glycopyrolate)

Question 14

factors that can cause arrhythmias

Answer 14

hypoxia, drugs (barbituates, a2 agonists, halothane), underlying disease like electrolyte imbalance

Question 15

difference between vomiting and regurgitation

Answer 15

regurgitation- emptying of stomach w/o retching

vomiting- emptying of stomach w/ retching

Question 16

patient disorders that may cause seizures

Answer 16

epilepsy, hypoglycemia

Question 17

signs of a seizure

Answer 17

twitching, uncontrolled movements, stiff limbs, usu lateral recumb., opisthotonus

Question 18

how to treat a seizure

Answer 18

eliminate all stimuli (isolate), diazepam or muscle relaxants if prolonged

Question 19

agents that may cause seizures

Answer 19

ketamine, barbiturates, high doses of opioids

Question 20

why we may clip nails and wrap paws of seizing cats

Answer 20

may hallucinate and paw at face

Question 21

certain IV agents that may cause apnea

Answer 21

ketamine, propofol, barbiturates

Question 22

when apnea occurs, and other vitals are normal, your should

Answer 22

compress chest w/ hands and watch for inhalation, or give 1 breath w bag and wait up to 30 sec for patient to inhale (increase in CO2 in blood should trigger breathing

Question 23

if apneic, and spontaneous resp. does not resume w/in 1-2 min of bagging, the animal is in

Answer 23

resp arrest

Question 24

reasons that may prolong recovery from anes

Answer 24

impaired hepatic or renal function, hypothermia, breed variation (greyhounds prolonged bc low body fat), excessive depth or prolonged anes., shock or hemorrhage (blood volume)

Question 25

ways to expedite anes recovery

Answer 25

IV fluids (quicken renal and hepatic elimination), warm, turn patient, monitor, reversal agents