Anes Problems and Emergencies Flashcards
signs of excessive anes depth
bradypnea, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, pale or cyanotic MM, longer CRT, arrythmias, absent reflexes, dilated pupils, absent PLR
possible causes of pale MM
hypothermia, hypotension, blood loss
how to treat pale MM
IV fluid therapy, blood transfusion
long CRT indicates what issues
low BP, poor perfusion
MAP below 60 mmHg indicates
hypotension, poor perfusion
wheezing indicates bronchoconstriction, how to treat?
bronchodialators
if anes too light, tachypnea or bradypnea occurs?
tachypnea
tachycardic and bradycardic values for dogs
tachy- >160 bpm
brady- <60-70bpm
tachycardic and bradycardic values in cats
tachy- >200bpm
brady- <100 bpm
drugs that cause tachycardia
atropine, ketamine, epinephrine
drugs that cause bradycardia
a2 agonists, opiods
stimulation of the ___ nerve causes bradycardia
how does this happen?
vagus nerve (major nerve of parasymp. system) intubation, ocular surgery, vicera handling
drugs to treat bradycardia
anticholinergics (atropine, or glycopyrolate)
factors that can cause arrhythmias
hypoxia, drugs (barbituates, a2 agonists, halothane), underlying disease like electrolyte imbalance
difference between vomiting and regurgitation
regurgitation- emptying of stomach w/o retching
vomiting- emptying of stomach w/ retching
patient disorders that may cause seizures
epilepsy, hypoglycemia
signs of a seizure
twitching, uncontrolled movements, stiff limbs, usu lateral recumb., opisthotonus
how to treat a seizure
eliminate all stimuli (isolate), diazepam or muscle relaxants if prolonged
agents that may cause seizures
ketamine, barbiturates, high doses of opioids
why we may clip nails and wrap paws of seizing cats
may hallucinate and paw at face
certain IV agents that may cause apnea
ketamine, propofol, barbiturates
when apnea occurs, and other vitals are normal, your should
compress chest w/ hands and watch for inhalation, or give 1 breath w bag and wait up to 30 sec for patient to inhale (increase in CO2 in blood should trigger breathing
if apneic, and spontaneous resp. does not resume w/in 1-2 min of bagging, the animal is in
resp arrest
reasons that may prolong recovery from anes
impaired hepatic or renal function, hypothermia, breed variation (greyhounds prolonged bc low body fat), excessive depth or prolonged anes., shock or hemorrhage (blood volume)
ways to expedite anes recovery
IV fluids (quicken renal and hepatic elimination), warm, turn patient, monitor, reversal agents
