Inhalation Anes (Agents) Flashcards
inhalation anesthetics generally safe but at high doses can cause
hypothermia, hypoventillation, CNS depression, cardiac depression
1st discovered anes gas
diethyl ether
group of inhalent anesthetics that evaporate into O2 in vaporizer
Halogenated Organic Compounds
Halothane properties; VP, solubility coefficient, and MAC
high VP, moderate solubility coefficient, MAC low (.87%)
positive effects of halothane
rapid induction (bc high VP), ok muscle relaxation
neg effects of halothane
poor analgesic, resp. depressent, bradycardia, sensitizes heart to catecholamines (epinephrine), can lead to arrhythmia, malignant hyperthermia
halothane reversing agent
dantrolene
elimination of halothane is __% lungs, __ % liver/kidneys
85% lungs, 15% liver/kidney
most potent halogenated inhalant in use
isoflurane
Isoflurane properties; VP, solubility coefficient, MAC
VP=high(rapid induction)
low solubility coefficient (rapid induction/recovery)
MAC 1.2% (good potency)
elimination of isoflurane is __% lungs and __% liver/kidneys
> 99%lungs, 0.2% liver/kidney
which inhalent is good for trauma patients, cardiopatients, liver/kidney disease patients, geriatrics and neonates
isoflurane
negative effect of isoflurane
poor analgesia during recovery (give painkillers)
sevoflurane properties; VP, solubility coefficient, MAC
high VP, lower solubility coefficient than isoflurane (induction/recovery faster), MAC 2.0% (less potent than iso)
Sevoflurane elimination is __ % liver/kidney
2-5%
human anesthetic inhalent
Desflurane
Halogenated organic compound w fastest induction/recovery time
desflurane (human med)
Desflurane properties; VP and solubility coefficient
high VP, low solubility coefficient
desflurane elimination is __% via liver/kidney
.02%
nitrous oxide (N2O) solubility coefficient, MAC
solubility coefficient low (less than iso, rapid induction/recovery), MAC 188% (v low)
N2O potentiates effect of another gas so the amount of the primary gas can be decreased ____%
20-30%
pros of using N2O
potentiates effects of gas used and speeds up its uptake/induction
excellent analgesic on its own
when mixing N2O and O2, mix __% N2O and __% O2
70% N2O, 30 % O2 (any higher N2O -> hypoxia)
con of N2O
diffusion hypoxia possible- when N2O and O2 turned off, N2O diffuses back into lungs and displaces O2
